SUMO-Targeted Ubiquitin Ligase, Rad60, and Nse2 SUMO Ligase Suppress Spontaneous Top1–Mediated DNA Damage and Genome Instability
Figure 3
STUbL mutant tdp1 Δ cells exhibit elevated Top1-dependent DNA damage and spontaneous genomic instability.
(A) Upper left: live cell images of the indicated strains expressing Rad22-YFP (Rad52). Upper right: graph depicting the percentage of nuclei containing one, two, or multiple Rad22-YFP foci using live-cell microscopy in the indicated genotypes. Error bars represent the standard deviations from three independent experiments. Base: Table depicting the percentage of nuclei containing one or more Rad22-YFP or Rad11-YFP (RPA) foci in the indicated genotypes. Standard deviations are derived from three independent experiments. (B) Log phase cultures of slx8-1 and wildtype cells were treated with 40 µM CPT or 0.008% MMS. G2 checkpoint arrest and recovery was monitored through determining the percentage of septated cells at the indicated times. (C) Table depicting frequency of spontaneous mitotic recombination between tandem adenine heteroalleles in the indicated strains. Rates represent the mean of the means, between at least three independent assays per strain. All experiments were incubated at 25°C.