Ependymal polarity defects coupled with disorganized ciliary beating drive abnormal cerebrospinal fluid flow and spine curvature in zebrafish
Fig 9
Abnormal urotensin signals in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients.
(A) Diagram indicating the position of bilateral paravertebral muscles harvested from AIS patients. (B, C) Relative expression of UTS2R and UTS2 in bilateral paravertebral muscles of AIS patients (n = 46). (D) Distribution of Cobb angles within the two groups of AIS patients exhibiting a ratio of UTS2R expression on the convex versus concave sides greater (>) or less (<) than 2. (E) Representative X-ray images showing two AIS patients with convex/concave ratios greater (5.21) or less than 2 (1.24). Measurements of Cobb angles are also indicated. The data underlying the graphs shown in the figure can be found in S1 Data.