Dynamic frontotemporal systems process space and time in working memory
Fig 8
Bidirectional MTL–PFC theta networks for working memory.
(A) PAC grand means by condition and direction for MTL–PFC (top) and MTL–OFC (bottom) networks. Condition moderated PAC in the MTL→PFC direction so that MTL→PFC PAC was greater for spatiotemporal than identity information (p < 2 × 10−5), while PFC→MTL PAC was greater than MTL→PFC PAC overall (p < 2 × 10−9), revealing bidirectional PAC for processing space and time. In contrast, MTL→OFC PAC was greater than OFC→MTL PAC, which was moderated by condition so that MTL→OFC PAC was greatest for spatial information. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. ** = significant direction and condition × direction effects. (B) Schematics of spatial (left) and temporal (right) information processing. The bidirectional MTL–PFC network subserves spatial and temporal information processing, while a relatively unidirectional MTL→OFC network is also involved in spatial information processing. Underlying data can be found in University of California, Berkeley, Collaborative Research in Computational Neuroscience database (http://dx.doi.org/10.6080/K0VX0DQD). MTL, medial temporal lobe; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; PAC, phase-amplitude coupling; PFC, prefrontal cortex.