Sensitivity, precision, and accuracy of fs-LIBS for heavy metal detection in flowing aqueous solutions

Yutong Chen; Yuanfei Jiang; Jianhui Han; Jianhui Han; Anmin Chen; Mingxing Jin; Mingxing Jin

doi:10.1364/OL.526093

Optics Letters
Vol. 49,
Issue 11,
pp. 3106-3109
(2024)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.526093

Sensitivity, precision, and accuracy of fs-LIBS for heavy metal detection in flowing aqueous solutions

Yutong Chen, Yuanfei Jiang, Jianhui Han, Anmin Chen, and Mingxing Jin

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Yutong Chen, Yuanfei Jiang, Jianhui Han, Anmin Chen, and Mingxing Jin, "Sensitivity, precision, and accuracy of fs-LIBS for heavy metal detection in flowing aqueous solutions," Opt. Lett. 49, 3106-3109 (2024)

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Abstract

This investigation employs femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (fs-LIBS) to measure the concentrations of chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) in flowing aqueous solutions. The fs pulsed laser excites the water, generating plasma in a dynamic setting that prevents liquid splashing—a notable advantage over static methods. The flowing water column maintains a stable liquid level, circumventing the laser focus irregularities due to liquid-level fluctuations. Calibration curves, based on a linear function, reveal limits of detection (LODs) as low as 0.0179 μg/mL for Cr, 0.1301 μg/mL for Pb, and 0.0120 μg/mL for Cu. The reliability of the experiment is confirmed by R² values exceeding 0.99. These findings offer valuable insights for the analysis of trace heavy metals in flowing aqueous solutions using fs-LIBS, demonstrating the technique’s potential for environmental monitoring.

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Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Sample	1#	2#	3#	4#	5#	6#
Cr ( $μ$ g/mL)	20	40	80	120	160	200
Pb ( $μ$ g/mL)	40	80	160	240	320	400
Cu ( $μ$ g/mL)	20	40	80	120	160	200

Element	Reference	LOD ( $μ$ g/mL)	Emission Standard ( $μ$ g/mL America/EU/China
Cr	[12]	9.7	0.025–19 $\leq$ 0.5 $\leq$ 1.5
	[13]	0.34
	[14]	28.9
	This work	0.0179
Pb	[15]	13	0.057–3.4 $\leq$ 0.2 $\leq$ 1.0
	[16]	21.7
	[17]	6
	[18]	2
	This work	0.1301
Cu	[15]	12	0.023–5 $\leq$ 0.5 $\leq$ 0.5
	[13]	0.16
	[16]	4.78
	This work	0.0120

Element	Wavelength (nm)	RSD (%)	ARE (%)	RMSECV ( $μ$ g/mL)	R²
Cr	425.43	1.04	1.64	1.45	0.997
	427.48	0.99	1.89	1.49	0.997
	428.97	0.88	2.08	1.44	0.997
Pb	405.78	0.54	2.12	1.82	0.999
Cu	324.75	4.80	2.98	1.97	0.994
	327.40	4.04	3.60	1.77	0.995

Sample	1#	2#	3#	4#	5#	6#
Cr ( $μ$ g/mL)	20	40	80	120	160	200
Pb ( $μ$ g/mL)	40	80	160	240	320	400
Cu ( $μ$ g/mL)	20	40	80	120	160	200

Element	Reference	LOD ( $μ$ g/mL)	Emission Standard ( $μ$ g/mL America/EU/China
Cr	[12]	9.7	0.025–19 $\leq$ 0.5 $\leq$ 1.5
	[13]	0.34
	[14]	28.9
	This work	0.0179
Pb	[15]	13	0.057–3.4 $\leq$ 0.2 $\leq$ 1.0
	[16]	21.7
	[17]	6
	[18]	2
	This work	0.1301
Cu	[15]	12	0.023–5 $\leq$ 0.5 $\leq$ 0.5
	[13]	0.16
	[16]	4.78
	This work	0.0120

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Optics Letters