Abstract

The diffraction grating is a classic and important optical element, and its design usually traverses the whole parameter space to search for an optimal solution, which is time consuming and inefficient. In order to specify the optimization direction of the grating to obtain clearer physical images and to improve the design efficiency, a new blazing model based on the total internal reflection (TIR) is proposed to analyze the diffraction behavior of the grating from a geometry perspective. The optical tunnel along the ridge direction can be used to understand and quantify the blaze of the grating. This TIR blazing model is demonstrated via three types of surface-relief grating with simple formulas, resulting in the solution space decreasing significantly. By utilization of the estimated upper limit of the diffraction efficiency and the range of the depth and slanted angle generated by the TIR blazing model, how the grating delivers the majority of the light energy to a required diffraction order is revealed. Binary and slanted gratings with $\gt0.93$ efficiency of $ T_1 $ order have been obtained with high probability within the calculated parameter range, regardless of the duty cycle and polarization. The reason why a transmission sawtooth grating cannot blaze the most energy to a high order at normal incidence has been clarified, and the method of using the first or second TIR blaze has also been provided. Through this TIR blazing model, the grating design could be simplified, and accommodation to various application requirements could be optimized as well.

© 2021 Optical Society of America

Analysis and design of a concave diffraction grating with total-internal-reflection facets by a hybrid diffraction method

Zhimin Shi, Jian-Jun He, and Sailing He
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 21(7) 1198-1206 (2004)

Polarization-insensitive high-dispersion total internal reflection diffraction gratings

John R. Marciante, Jeffrey I. Hirsh, Daniel H. Raguin, and Eric T. Prince
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 22(2) 299-305 (2005)

Analysis of the influence of the passive facet of blazed transmission gratings in the intermediate diffraction regime

Oliver Sandfuchs, Daniel Pätz, Stefan Sinzinger, Alexander Pesch, and Robert Brunner
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25(8) 1885-1893 (2008)

Fast analysis method for polarization-dependent performance of a concave diffraction grating with total-internal-reflection facets

Jun Song, Jian-Jun He, and Sailing He
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 22(9) 1947-1951 (2005)

Polarization dependence of diffraction gratings that have total internal reflection facets

S. Yu. Sadov and K. A. McGreer
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 17(9) 1590-1593 (2000)