Analysis of a highly sensitive side polished hollow fiber plasmonic sensor and its application as a magnetometer

Tulika Khanikar; Vinod Kumar Singh

doi:10.1364/AO.59.000171

Applied Optics
Vol. 59,
Issue 1,
pp. 171-179
(2020)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.59.000171

Analysis of a highly sensitive side polished hollow fiber plasmonic sensor and its application as a magnetometer

Tulika Khanikar and Vinod Kumar Singh

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Tulika Khanikar and Vinod Kumar Singh, "Analysis of a highly sensitive side polished hollow fiber plasmonic sensor and its application as a magnetometer," Appl. Opt. 59, 171-179 (2020)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: September 3, 2019
- Revised Manuscript: November 21, 2019
- Manuscript Accepted: November 21, 2019
- Published: December 23, 2019

Abstract

A highly sensitive hollow fiber (HF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance is proposed and analyzed numerically. The sensor design involves a side polished HF with a nanoscale gold film deposited over the polished surface and an analyte filled core. The hollow portion of the fiber serves simultaneously as an analyte channel and core, when filled with high refractive index liquid. By analyzing the modal characteristics of the sensor using the finite element method, it is found that the wavelength sensitivity of the HF sensor varies from 25,642 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) to 60,000 nm/RIU in the range 1.45 to 1.47 RIU along with highest amplitude sensitivity of ${4231.7}\,\,{{\rm RIU}^{-1}}$. The minimum measurable alteration by the sensor lies in the order of ${{10}^{-6}}\,\,{\rm RIU}$. The sensor also exhibits a high value of figure of merit (FOM) up to ${976}\,\,{{\rm RIU}^{-1}}$ representing a very good overall performance. Moreover, due to the feasibility of design, the specific application of the sensor to magnetic field sensing is also demonstrated and achieved maximum sensitivity of 1361 pm/Oe.

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Analyte RI (RIU)	Res. Wavelength (nm)	Sensitivity (nm/RIU)	FWHM (nm)	FOM ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	Resolution (RIU)
1.45	2065	60,000	285	211	$1.66 \times 10^{- 6}$
1.455	1765	51,000	94	543	$1.96 \times 10^{- 6}$
1.46	1555	38,079	39	976	$2.62 \times 10^{- 6}$
1.465	1384.2	29,900	83	360	$3.34 \times 10^{- 6}$
1.47	1256	25,642	87	295	$3.90 \times 10^{- 6}$

Sensor Type	RI Range	Maximum Sensitivity (nm/RIU)	Resolution (RIU)^a	Amplitude Sensitivity ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	FOM
HF filled with silver wire [17]	1.47–1.52	16,200	$6.17 \times 10^{- 6}$	190	–
PCF with laterally accessible hollow core [19]	1.43–1.48	7200	$1.38 \times 10^{- 5}$	1143	–
HF internally coated with silver layer [20]	1.509–1.763	6607	$8 \times 10^{- 5}$	–	30^b
HC-PCF with silver wire in cladding [21]	1.33–1.5	12,000^b	–	–	–
Multicore holey fiber [11]	1.33–1.53	9231.27	$3.72 \times 10^{- 4}$	–	–
Multicore flat fiber [18]	1.46–1.485	23,000	$4.35 \times 10^{- 6}$	820	–
Exposed core LSPR sensor [12]	1.32–1.41	34,000	$2.94 \times 10^{- 6}$	1170	310
Scaled down PCF sensor [13]	1.33–1.39	30,000	$3.33 \times 10^{- 6}$	1212	508
Dual-polarized PCF [14]	1.33–1.43	62,000	$1.6 \times 10^{- 6}$	1293	958
Hi-Bi fiber sensor [15]	1.33–1.38	25,000	$4 \times 10^{- 6}$	1411	502
PCF with SERS response [16]	1.33–1.43	111,000	$9 \times 10^{- 7}$	2050	–
Side polished HF (proposed)	1.45–1.47	60,000	$1.66 \times 10^{- 6}$	4231.7	976

H (Oe)	89.9	120.3	150.0	180.4	210.9	240.6	271.0
$n_{M F}$	1.4635	1.4645	1.4654	1.4662	1.4666	1.4668	1.4670

Analyte RI (RIU)	Res. Wavelength (nm)	Sensitivity (nm/RIU)	FWHM (nm)	FOM ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	Resolution (RIU)
1.45	2065	60,000	285	211	$1.66 \times 10^{- 6}$
1.455	1765	51,000	94	543	$1.96 \times 10^{- 6}$
1.46	1555	38,079	39	976	$2.62 \times 10^{- 6}$
1.465	1384.2	29,900	83	360	$3.34 \times 10^{- 6}$
1.47	1256	25,642	87	295	$3.90 \times 10^{- 6}$

Sensor Type	RI Range	Maximum Sensitivity (nm/RIU)	Resolution (RIU)^a	Amplitude Sensitivity ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	FOM
HF filled with silver wire [17]	1.47–1.52	16,200	$6.17 \times 10^{- 6}$	190	–
PCF with laterally accessible hollow core [19]	1.43–1.48	7200	$1.38 \times 10^{- 5}$	1143	–
HF internally coated with silver layer [20]	1.509–1.763	6607	$8 \times 10^{- 5}$	–	30^b
HC-PCF with silver wire in cladding [21]	1.33–1.5	12,000^b	–	–	–
Multicore holey fiber [11]	1.33–1.53	9231.27	$3.72 \times 10^{- 4}$	–	–
Multicore flat fiber [18]	1.46–1.485	23,000	$4.35 \times 10^{- 6}$	820	–
Exposed core LSPR sensor [12]	1.32–1.41	34,000	$2.94 \times 10^{- 6}$	1170	310
Scaled down PCF sensor [13]	1.33–1.39	30,000	$3.33 \times 10^{- 6}$	1212	508
Dual-polarized PCF [14]	1.33–1.43	62,000	$1.6 \times 10^{- 6}$	1293	958
Hi-Bi fiber sensor [15]	1.33–1.38	25,000	$4 \times 10^{- 6}$	1411	502
PCF with SERS response [16]	1.33–1.43	111,000	$9 \times 10^{- 7}$	2050	–
Side polished HF (proposed)	1.45–1.47	60,000	$1.66 \times 10^{- 6}$	4231.7	976

Abstract

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Applied Optics