Color changes in objects in natural scenes as a function of observation distance and weather conditions

Javier Romero; Raúl Luzón-González; Juan L. Nieves; Javier Hernández-Andrés

doi:10.1364/AO.50.00F112

Applied Optics
Vol. 50,
Issue 28,
pp. F112-F120
(2011)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.50.00F112

Color changes in objects in natural scenes as a function of observation distance and weather conditions

Javier Romero, Raúl Luzón-González, Juan L. Nieves, and Javier Hernández-Andrés

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Javier Romero, Raúl Luzón-González, Juan L. Nieves, and Javier Hernández-Andrés, "Color changes in objects in natural scenes as a function of observation distance and weather conditions," Appl. Opt. 50, F112-F120 (2011)

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Abstract

We have analyzed the changes in the color of objects in natural scenes due to atmospheric scattering according to changes in the distance of observation. Hook-shaped curves were found in the chromaticity diagram when the object moved from zero distance to long distances, where the object chromaticity coordinates approached the color coordinates of the horizon. This trend is the result of the combined effect of attenuation in the direct light arriving to the observer from the object and the airlight added during its trajectory. Atmospheric scattering leads to a fall in the object’s visibility, which is measurable as a difference in color between the object and the background (taken here to be the horizon). Focusing on color difference instead of luminance difference could produce different visibility values depending on the color tolerance used. We assessed the cone-excitation ratio constancy for several objects at different distances. Affine relationships were obtained when an object’s cone excitations were represented both at zero distance and increasing distances. These results could help to explain color constancy in natural scenes for objects at different distances, a phenomenon that has been pointed out by different authors.

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Day (Year 2010)	Sky Condition	u
9 March	Clear	1.9
15 March	Clear	1.8
16 March	Clear	1.9
18 March	Overcast	1.4
19 March	Overcast	0.4
14 April	Clear	1.7
16 April	Overcast	1.9
19 April	Clear	1.7
20 April	Overcast	1.9
21 April	Clear	1.9
28 April	Clear	1.6
23 November	Overcast	1.9
24 November	Overcast	1.8
26 November	Overcast	1.6
9 December	Clear	1.3
13 December	Clear	1.6
14 December	Clear	1.5
15 December	Clear	1.5
16 December	Clear	1.6

Distance (km)	x	y	$L^{*}$	$a^{*}$	$b^{*}$
0.0	0.4177	0.5098	65.59	$- 17.97$	65.45
0.2	0.4041	0.4900	66.53	$- 17.35$	55.13
1.0	0.3674	0.4364	69.83	$- 15.31$	33.90
2.0	0.3420	0.3991	73.13	$- 13.43$	21.70
5.0	0.3091	0.3511	79.83	$- 9.93$	7.81
10.0	0.2914	0.3251	85.94	$- 6.98$	1.59
30.0	0.2794	0.3069	94.28	$- 3.04$	$- 1.30$
60.0	0.2806	0.3075	97.52	$- 1.46$	$- 1.10$
70.0	0.2817	0.3086	98.03	$- 1.21$	$- 0.99$

Distance (km)	x	y	$L^{*}$	$a^{*}$	$b^{*}$
0.0	0.4092	0.5293	65.96	$- 14.61$	65.19
0.2	0.3888	0.4873	69.15	$- 11.87$	43.53
1.0	0.3556	0.4190	77.72	$- 6.26$	18.49
2.0	0.3420	0.3909	83.79	$- 3.52$	9.57
5.0	0.3302	0.3664	91.91	$- 1.15$	2.81
14.0	0.3261	0.3548	97.96	$- 0.20$	0.35

Date (2010)	Sample	Distance (km)	$Δ E_{L^{} a^{} b^{*}}$	$Δ L^{} / L^{}$
15 March, clear, $u = 1.8$	2C	48	3.37	0.021
	4L	44	3.06	0.021
	5F	48	3.14	0.021
	6G	42	3.65	0.022
	7F	48	3.37	0.021
	8D	48	3.40	0.022
	11E	48	3.66	0.022
16 April, overcast, $u = 1.9$	2C	46	2.81	0.022
	4L	44	2.35	0.020
	5F	46	2.84	0.022
	6G	42	2.40	0.021
	7F	46	3.02	0.022
	8D	46	3.10	0.022
	11E	48	2.63	0.020
20 April, overcast, $u = 1.9$	2C	60	2.89	0.020
	4L	54	2.75	0.022
	5F	60	3.15	0.020
	6G	52	2.95	0.022
	7F	60	3.35	0.021
	8D	60	3.40	0.021
	11E	60	3.09	0.021

Distance (km)	Ordinate Origin	Slope	$r^{2}$
0	0.000	0.669	0.999
1	0.057	0.663	0.999
3	0.162	0.563	0.999
5	0.256	0.501	0.999
10	0.447	0.374	1.000
15	0.589	0.279	0.999
20	0.695	0.208	0.999
50	0.949	0.036	0.991
∞	0.998	0.002	0.956

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Applied Optics