Abstract
Different cracking modes in a sour gas environment were observed. These modes were mainly related to the microstructure obtained during the manufacturing process of two API X52 microalloyed steels. A banded ferrite/pearlite microstructure was found to be susceptible to hydrogen effects, whereas an acicular ferrite with a grain boundary bainite/bainite microstructure was found to be more susceptible to dissolution in crack-tip regions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y. Kobayashi, Recent High Performance Line Pipe for Oil/Gas Production, Proc. VIII Seminar Mexico-Japan ’94, K. Kawakami, Ed., JICA, Mexico City, 1994, p 9–1 to 9-12
H. Asahi, M. Ueneo, and T. Yonezawa, Prediction of Sulfide Stress Cracking in High Strength Tubulars, Corrosion, Vol 50 (No. 7), 1994, p 537–545
G.M. Pressouyre, R.T. Blondeau, G. Primon, and L. Cadiou, Very Low Inclusion and Impurity Content Steels as a Solution to Resist Sour Environments, Proc. First Int. Conf. Current Solutions to Hydrogen Problems in Steels, C.G. Interrater and G.M. Pressouyre, Ed., ASM International, 1982, p 212–221
H.K. Birnbaum, Mechanisms of Hydrogen-Related Fracture of Metals, Environment-Induced Cracking of Metals, R.P. Gangloff and M.B. Ives, Ed., National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) International, 1990, p 21–29
B. Craig, Limitations of Alloying to Improve the Threshold for Hydrogen Stress Cracking of Steel, Hydrogen Effects on Material Behavior, N.R. Moody and A.W. Thompson, Ed., TMS-AIME, 1990, p 955–963
“Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment,” Standard MR0175-99, NACE International, 1999
S.R. Novak and S.T. Rolfe, Modified WOL Specimen for KIscc Environmental Testing, J. of Materials, Vol 4 (No. 3), 1969, p 701–728
W.F. Deans and C.E. Richards, A Simple and Sensitive Method of Monitoring Crack and Load in Compact Fracture Mechanics Specimens Using Strain Gages, J. Test. Eval., Vol 7, 1979, p 147–154
“Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Specific Forms of Environmental Cracking in H2S Environments,” Standard TM-0177-99, NACE International, 1999
J.Q. Wang, A. Atrens, D.R. Cousens, and N. Kinaev, Microstructure of X52 and X65 Pipeline Steels, J. Mater. Sci., Vol 34, 1999, p 1721–1728
F.P. Ford, Environmental Induced Cracking: The Interaction Between Mechanism and Design, Corrosion/86: Symposium on Environmental Cracking-The Interactions Between Mechanisms and Design, NACE International, 1986, p 113
J.L. Albarrán, L. Martínez, and H.F. López, The Sour Gas Susceptibility of an X-80 Steel for Oil and Gas Transport, Scr. Mater., Vol 38 (No. 5), 1998, p 751–752
D.A. Vermilyea, A Film Rupture Model for Stress Corrosion Cracking, Stress-Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Iron-Base Alloys, R.W. Staehle, J. Hochmann, R.D. McCright, and J.E. Slater, Ed., National Association of Corrosion Engineers, 1977, p 208–217
R.W. Staehle, Predictions and Experimental Verifications of the Slip Dissolution Model for Stress Corrosion Cracking of Low Strength Alloys, Stress-Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Iron-Base Alloys, R.W. Staehle, J. Hochmann, R.D. McCright, and J.E. Slater, Ed., National Association of Corrosion Engineers, 1977, p 180–207
E. Anelli, L. Cariboni, and A. Mascanzoni, Analysis of Metallurgical Factors Controlling the SSCC Resistance of Quenched and Tempered Microalloyed Steels, Processing, Microstructure and Properties of HSLA Steels, A.J. DeArdo, Ed., TMS, 1988, p 477–495
T. Boellinghaus and H. Hoffmeister, Numerical Model for Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking, Corrosion, Vol 56 (No. 6), 2000, p 611–614
R.A. Carneiro, R.C. Ratnapuli, and V. de Freitas Cunha Lins, The Influence of Chemical Composition and Microstructure of API Linepipe Steels on Hydrogen Induced Cracking and Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, Vol 357, 2003, p 104–110
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Serna, S., Campillo, B. & Albarrán, J.L. Crack growth in microalloyed pipeline steels for sour gas transport. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 14, 224–228 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1361/10599490522194
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1361/10599490522194