Muslims and the Charlie Hebdo Saga

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Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Volume 12, Issue 2

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Muslims and the Charlie Hebdo Saga

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Author(s): Bakare Najimdeen

Publication date (Print): 2015

Journal: Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

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Abstract

Of recent, newspapers across Europe carry headlines portraying Muslim radicalism. This is true giving the complicity of Muslim youth in various violent attacks. The headlines resonate amidst the growing nationalism in Europe, deeply tainted and lanced with conservatism. The Charlie Hebdo attack equally reiterated the protracted debates on the extent to which Islam is compatible with Western ethos. The attack further brought to surface the issue of freedom of expression, an essential part of Western democracy. This raises questions such as: who determines and what constitutes the public sphere; what are the lines of distinctions between the private and public domains; should there be a level of shared respect between the majority and minority; are European Muslims an integral part of the mainstream European society; what factors shape the radicalization of European Muslim youth; does religion actually have huge space in their minds; and, how much does constructivism present and resolve the protracted debate between the European Muslim community and the host society. Radicalization of European Muslim youth is less of ideology, but more of socio-economic deprivation.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.13169

Journal ID (publisher-id): polipers

Title: Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 18121829

ISSN (Electronic): 18127347

Publication date (Print): 2015

Volume: 12

Issue: 2

Pages: 81-104

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Dr. Bakare Najimdeen is an IPS associate and teaches International Relations, primarily in Preston University, Islamabad.

Article

Publisher ID: polipers.12.2.0081

DOI: 10.13169/polipers.12.2.0081

SO-VID: a0120228-ebb3-45cb-9599-201af379eac4

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Education,Religious studies & Theology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Law,Economics

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Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Abbas, Tahir. Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics: The British Experience . New York: Routledge, 2011.

[2] Adams, Eric L. “We Must Stop Police Abuse of Black Men,” New York Times , December. 4, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/05/opinion/we-must-stop-police-abuse-of-black-men.html

[3] Amanat, Abbas. and Magnus T. Bernhardsson. Imagining the End: Visions of Apocalypse from the Ancient Middle East to Modern America . New York: I.B. Tauris, 2002.

[4] Barrett, Martyn. Interculturalism and Multiculturalism: Similarities and Differences . Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, 2013.

[5] Bell, Mark. Racism and Equality in the European Union . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

[6] Bennhold, Katrin. “Fertile Ground for Militancy in Hometown of Jihadi John,” New York Times , February 28, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/01/world/europe/fertile-ground-for-militancy-in-hometown-of-jihadi-john.html?emc=edit_th_20150301&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=49519343

[7] Blackbourn, David. “The Catholic Church in Europe since the French revolution,” Comparative Studies in Society and History , vol.33, no 4 (1991): 778–790.

[8] Bonney, Richard. False Prophets: The ‘clash of Civilizations’ and the Global War on Terror . Oxfordshire: Peter Lang Ltd, 2008.

[9] Cerutti, Furio. and Enno Rudolph. A Soul for Europe: An Essay Collection . Leuven: Peters, 2001.

[10] Cesari, Jocelyne “Mosque Conflicts in European Cities: Introduction,” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , vol. 31, no 6 (2005).

[11] Cesari, Jocelyne. When Islam and Democracy Meet: Muslims in Europe and in the United States . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

[12] Cesari, Jocelyne. Why the West Fears Islam: An Exploration of Muslims in Liberal Democracies . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

[13] Dencik, Lars. “Jewish Life in Sweden: Cultural Autonomy and Social Integration.” in a final report of Islam, citizenship and the dynamics of European integration at the conference of European Muslims and the Secular State in a Comparative Perspective, June 30 and July 1 2003.

[14] Esposito, John I. and Dalia Mogahed. Who Speaks for Islam, What a Billion Muslims Really Think . Gallup Press, 2008.

[15] European Commission, “Why socio-economic inequalities increase?: Facts and policy responses in Europe,” 2010. ec.europa.eu/research/social…/policy-review-inequalities_en.pdf

[16] Fetzer. Joel, S. Christopher, J. Soper. Muslims and the State in Britain, France, and Germany . Cambridge University Press, 2004.

[17] Francis, David. “Obama Slaps Europe for Failing to Integrate Muslims,” Foreign Policy , January 16, 2015. http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/01/16/obama-slaps-europe-for-failing-to-integrate-muslims/

[18] Futurium - European Commission, 26 Oct 2014. ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/futurium/en/futurium-hexagon/…/atheism

[19] Greenwald, Glenn. “The Boston bombing produces familiar and revealing reactions,” The Guardian , April 16, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/apr/16/boston-marathon-explosions-notes-reactions

[20] Higgins, Andrew and Melissa Eddy. “Terror Attacks by a Native Son Rock Denmark,” New York Times , February 15, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/16/world/europe/copenhagen-attacks-suspect-is-killed-police-say.html

[21] Higgins, Andrew. “After Attacks, Denmark Hesitates to Blame Islam,” New York Times , February 19, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/17/world/europe/copenhagen-denmark-attacks.html

[22] Higgins, Andrew. and Melissa Eddy. “Anger of Suspect in Danish Killings is seen as only loosely tied to Islam,” New York Times , February 16, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/20/world/europe/after-attacks-denmark-hesitates-to-blame-islam.html

[23] Huntington, Samuel. The Clash of Civilizations and the Making of World Order . New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996.

[24] Jonker, Gerdien. “Communication in Conflict: Germany and the Muslim Other in the Aftermath of 9/11” in the final report of Islam, citizenship and the dynamics of European integration, at the conference of European Muslims and the Secular State in a Comparative Perspective, (30 June-1 July 2003)

[25] Kepel, Gilles. The War for Muslim Minds: Islam and the West . Belknap Press, 2006.

[26] Kulish Nicholas. and Melissa Eddy. “Germanwings Co-Pilot Was Treated for ‘Suicidal Tendencies,’ Authorities Say,” New York Times , March 30, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/31/world/europe/germanwings-copilot-andreas-lubitz.html?emc=edit_th_20150331&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=49519343&_r=0

[27] Kulish, Nicholas; Eddy, Melissa and Nicola Clark. “Germanwings Co-Pilot Had Researched Suicide and Cockpit Doors, Prosecutors Say,” New York Times , April 2, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/03/world/europe/germanwings-lufthansa-andreas-lubitz-blackbox.html?emc=edit_na_20150402&nlid=49519343

[28] Leiken, Robert S. “Europe's Angry Muslims,” Foreign Affairs , July/August 2005.

[29] McLeod, Hugh. and Werner Ustorf. The Decline of Christendom in Western Europe, 1750–2000 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

[30] Mushaben, Joyce Marie. “Separate and Unequal: Judicial Culture, Employment Qualifications and Muslim Headscarf Debates”, Laws , vol. 2, issue 3 (2013):315–316. http://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/2/3/314

[31] Nielsen, Jørgen S. Muslims in Western Europe . Edinburgh University Press, 2004.

[32] Nyiri, Zsolt. “The Clash of Perceptions: Comparison of Views among Muslims in Paris, London, and Berlin with those among the General Public” In Managing Ethnic Diversity after 9/11: Integration, Security, and Civil Liberties in Transatlantic Perspective , edited by Ariane Chebel d'Appollonia and Simon Reich, 100. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2010.

[33] Pullella, Philip. “Pope Benedict decries growing Christianophobia in Europe,” Reuters, December 16, 2010. http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/2010/12/16/pope-benedict-decries-growing-christianophobia-in-europe/

[34] Ramadan, Tariq. To be a European Muslim: A study of Islamic Sources in the European Context . London: Islamic Foundation, 1999.

[35] Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the implementation of Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA on combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law,” European Commission, January 27, 2014. http://ec.europa.eu/justice/fundamentalrights/files/com_2014_27_en.pdf

[36] Roy, Olivier. Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah . New York: Columbia University Press, 2006.

[37] Said, Edward. Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine how We See the Rest of the World . London: Vintage Books, 1997.

[38] Schmidt, Michael S. and Matt Apuzzo. “South Carolina Officer Is Charged With Murder of Walter Scott,” New York Times , April 7, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/08/us/south-carolina-officer-is-charged-with-murder-in-black-mans-death.html

[39] Schnapper Dominique, “La France de l'integration: Sociologie de la nation.” Contemporary Sociology , vol. 4, (1994).

[40] Shaw, Denis. “Society, Settlement and Culture” In Human Geography: Issues for the 21^st Century , edited by Peter Daniels and Shaw Denis, 118. New Delhi: Pearson Education 2001.

[41] The Catholic Herald, “Debate: Is Pope Francis right to say there is a limit to freedom of speech?,” January 15, 2015. http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/commentandblogs/2015/01/15/is-pope-francis-right-to-say-there-is-a-limit-to-freedom-of-speech/comment-page-2/

[42] Tomas, Hammar. “Politics of Immigration Control and Politicisation of International Migration” In International migration into the 21^st century: Essays in honour of Reginald Appleyard , edited by M.A.B. Siddique. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2001.

[43] Yardley, Jim. “Jihadism Born in a Paris Park and Fueled in the Prison Yard,” New York Times , January 11, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/12/world/europe/jihadism-born-in-a-paris-park-and-fueled-in-the-prison-yard.html?_r=0

[44] Ynetnews, “EU official: ‘Huge challenge’ to reassure Jews,” January 24, 2015.http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4618522,00.html