Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a nondestructive method for measuring the hardness and softness of living tissue by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coupled with mechanical excitation of the subject. The shear modulus of a tissue is related to the velocity of transverse waves propagating through it, and local movements are obtained from MRI phase images. Micro MRI systems are available for high-resolution MRE measurements of soft materials. Longitudinal waves are effective for long-distance wave propagation from small excitation areas in micro MRI systems, and the transverse waves produced by the longitudinal waves can be used for elastography. This study proposes an excitation system comprising a high-power vibration generator and bar-shaped vibration transmitter made from an elastic material. The transmission characteristics of the glass-fiber-reinforced plastic bar-shaped transducer were evaluated by measuring the accelerations at its base and tip. The performance of the excitation system, which focused on the effects of frequency and amplitude, was investigated for measuring storage and loss modulus distributions in agarose gel. This system could transfer longitudinal waves with an amplitude of 0.5 mm and frequency between 50 and 250 Hz, without significant damping. Moreover, the excitation capabilities for gel phantoms were evaluated by MRE using 0.3T micro MRI equipment. A large amplitude of 0.5 mm and high frequency of 250 Hz produced less data scatter than smaller amplitudes and lower frequencies. MRE performance improved upon using strong excitations.