Abstract
Poly(ether imide) (PEI)/bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) blends were obtained throughout the composition range both by direct injection moulding (DI blends) and by extrusion followed by injection moulding (PM blends). Although some reaction was observed by FT IR, the blends were fully phase separated at the detection level of DMTA. An anomalous decrease in the high temperature Tg of the 90/10 and 80/20 blends, was only seen in PM blends. This was attributed to an anomalous thermodynamic behaviour, after rejecting degradation, reactions or particle size as possible explanations. With the exception of the PC-rich DI blends, the morphology was fine and homogeneous. Both the modulus of elasticity and the yield stress were very close to those expected from the rule of mixtures, whatever the morphology. Unexpectedly, ductility followed the same trend, even in the less homogeneous PC-rich DI blends. This points to the very slight reactions observed, and to parameters related to chemical features of the components (such as the highly aromatic character of the components of the blend) as the main reasons for the observed ductility behaviour.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
D. R. Paul and C. B. Bucknall, Ed., “Polymer Blends,” Wiley Interscience, New York, N.Y., 2000.
L. A. Utracki, Ed., “Polymer Blends Handbook,” Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, U.K., 2002.
R. E. Fines and J. Bartolomucci, “Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol. 2: Engineering Plastics,” ASM International, Metals Park, OH, 1988, pp 156–158.
J. E. Harris and L. M. Robeson, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 35, 1877 (1988).
G. Crevecoeur and G. Groeninckx, Macromolecules, 24, 1190 (1991).
H. L. Chen and R. S. Porter, Polym. Eng. Sci., 32, 1870 (1992).
J. C. Kim, M. Cakmak, and P. H. Geil, SPE Antec Tech. Pap., 43, 1572 (1997).
H. L. Chen, J. C. Hwang, and R. C. Wang, Polymer, 39, 6067 (1998).
S. Bikakci and M. Cakmak, Polymer, 39, 4001 (1998).
E. M. Woo and S. N. Yau, Macromolecules, 30, 3626 (1997).
H. L. Chen, J. C. Hwang, C. C. Chen, R. C. Hwang, D. M. Fang, and M. J. Tsai, Polymer, 38, 2747 (1997).
J. Jang and K. Sim, Polym. Test., 17, 517 (1998).
F. J. Vallejo, J. I. Eguiazábal, and J. Nazábal, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 80, 885 (2001).
J. M. Martínez, J. I. Eguiazábal, and J. Nazábal, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 48, 935 (1993).
W. H. Jo, M. R. Lee, B. G. Min, and M. S. Lee, Polym. Bull., 33, 113 (1994).
H. L. Chen, Macromolecules, 28, 2845 (1995).
J. M. Martínez, J. I. Eguiazábal, and J. Nazábal, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 62, 385 (1996).
Y. H. Kuo, E. M. Woo, and T. Y. Kuo, Polym. J., 33, 920 (2001).
J. M. Huang and F. C. Chang, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 84, 850 (2002).
J. Ramiro, J. I. Eguiazábal, and J. Nazábal, Polym. Adv. Technol., 14, 129 (2003).
S. Bastida, J. I. Eguiazábal, and J. Nazábal, Eur. Polym. J., 32, 1229 (1996).
S. Bastida, J. I. Eguiazábal, and J. Nazábal, Polymer, 37, 2317 (1996).
K. Y. Choi, S. G. Lee, and J. H. Lee, Polym. Eng. Sci., 35, 1643 (1995).
J. H. Lee, S. G. Lee, K. Y. Choi, and J. Liu, Polym. J., 30, 531 (1998).
S. Akhtar and J. L. White, Polym. Eng. Sci., 31, 84 (1991).
L. A. Utracki, Ed., “Commercial Polymer Blends,” Chapman & Hall, New York, N.Y., 1998.
H. T. Pham, S. Munjal, and C. P. Bosnyak, in “Handbook of Thermoplastics,” O. Olabisi, Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, N.Y., 1997, chapt. 26.
R. S. Porter and L. H. Wang, Polymer, 33, 2019 (1992).
G. A. Mellinger, H. F. Giles, F. F. Holub, and W. R. Schilich, WO Patent 8404752 (1984).
E. N. Peters and J. A. Rock, Eur. Patent 0325719 (1989).
J. A. Rock, N. E. Durfee, and R. O. Johnson, Eur. Patent 0186243 (1986).
J. A. Rock, U.S. Patent 4629759 (1986).
Y. S. Chun, H. S. Lee, W. N. Kim, and T. S. Oh, Polym. Eng. Sci., 36, 2694 (1996).
M. Zhang, P. Choi, and U. Sundararaj, Polymer, 44, 1979 (2003).
W. G. Kohlman and S. P. Petrie, Adv. Polym. Technol., 14, 111 (1995).
Y. S. Chun, H. S. Kwan, W. N. Kim, and H. G. Yoon, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 78, 2488 (2000).
J. I. Eguiazábal and J. Nazábal, Eur. Polym. J., 25, 891 (1989).
S. Bastida, J. I. Eguiazábal, and J. Nazábal, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 63, 1601 (1997).
W. J. MacKnight, F. E. Karasz, and J. R. Fried, in “Polymer Blends,” D. R. Paul and S. Newman, Ed., Academic Press, New York, N.Y., 1978, chapt. 5.
I. N. Razinskaya, L. I. Batueva, B. S. Tyves, L. A. Smirnova, and B. P. Shtarkman, Kolloidn. Zh., 37, 672 (1975).
W. Bu and J. He, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 62, 1445 (1996).
B. D. Favis, in “Polymer Blends,” D. R. Paul and C. B. Bucknall, Ed., Wiley Interscience, New York, N.Y., 2000, chapt. 16.
S. Bastida, J. I. Eguiazábal, and J. Nazábal, Polym. Test., 12, 233 (1993).
N. Brown, in “Failure of Plastics,” W. Brostow and R. D. Corneliussen, Ed., Hanser Publishers, Munich, 1986, chapt. 6.
L. W. Kleiner, F. E. Karasz, and W. J. Macknight, Polym. Eng. Sci., 19, 519 (1979).
J. I. Eguiazábal and J. Nazábal, Plast., Rubber Compos. Process. Appl., 14, 211 (1990).
H. Domininghaus, Ed., “Plastics for Engineers: Materials, Properties, Applications,” Hanser Publishers, Munich, 1993.
M. Gaztelumendi and J. Nazábal, Polym. Eng. Sci., 40, 430 (2000).
A. F. Yee and S. A. Smith, Macromolecules, 14, 54 (1981).
J. K. Gillham, K. D. Hallock, and S. J. Stadnicki, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 16, 2595 (1972).
M. Hara and J. A. Sauer, J. Macromol. Sci., Part C: Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys., 38, 327 (1998).
A. Arzak, J. I. Eguiazábal, and J. Nazábal, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 65, 1503 (1997).
A. Arzak, J. I. Eguiazábal, and J. Nazábal, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 58, 653 (1995).
A. Arzak, J. I. Eguiazábal, and J. Nazábal, J. Mater. Sci., 26, 5939 (1991).
A. Arzak, J. I. Eguiazábal, and J. Nazábal, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 198, 1829 (1997).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ramiro, J., Eguiazábal, J. & Nazábal, J. Phase Structure and Mechanical Properties of Blends of Poly(ether imide) and Bisphenol A Polycarbonate. Polym J 36, 705–715 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.36.705
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.36.705