Cyanophyta Recorded in Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Two hundred fourty four species of blue green algae have been listed and recorded in this investigation. The listed species belong to five main groups of cyanophyta, making up all together fourty six genus. It was found that blue green algae in Erbil represented (54%) of Iraqi blue green algae, and (11% ) of all known algae in Iraq so far.

A series of keys for identification of different species of cyanophyta have been attempted by Maulood & Aziz but it have been realized that they are not so precise going to apply since quite many more species are continously been added to the flora of Kurdistan & Iraq throughout continous survies this is in one hand, the survey should extend to all other part of the country.On the other hand because of this such attempt should be terminated and not applied.The present study is dealing with the whole 244 known species of blue green algae within Erbil province and their distribution in variuos habitats such as pond, lake, river, stream, dutches ect-, and appeared in these figures (1, 2, 3, 4 and5) are represnted in different districts within Erbil province.

Description of the area
The Erbil province (Fig. 1) is capital of Kurdistan and situated in the north east of Iraq.It is bounded to the north east and south east by the Greater and Lasser Zab rivers.Boundaries extend from longitudinal 43 0 15 -E to 45 0 14 -E and from latitude35 0 27 -N to37 0 24 -N (9).
The climate of the area is characterized by a wide diurnal and annual range of temperature (9).The climate most closely related to Irano-Turanian type.The average annual rainfall may exceed 1000mm.The annual average rainfall for Erbil city estimated to be 440mm (10).. Details of geology, pedology and limnology of the area may given in 11 .
In the present study the habitat and taxonomy of all species that was published in different journals and different peroids of time where gather together and documented in these papers (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20and 21) as seen in theses figures (1, 2, 3, 4 and5), then after may start such study on other of algae such as green, yellow green, red ect…….. , in Erbil and other different provincve of Kurdistan of Iraq will be dealt with in coming in future.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Throughuot a review of all published scientific reliable information about blue green algae in Arbil, it was found that out of 244 species, that have been recorded in Arbil province(Table .1)almost 52.9% are belonging to Oscillatoriales, whereas 30.4% of the genuses are belonging to chroococales.In contrast Oscillatoriales made up less than 22% of the genus, which was less than Nostocales which was more than of Chaemsiphonales & less than Chroococales as well.

Number of species of Oscillatorialesin
Arbil was found to be almost double of that of species number of Chroococales and fourfold higher than Nostocales, whereas the number of species of Chaemisphonales was almost ten folds less than that of Oscillatoriales.
The total number of blue green algae in Arbil province makeup almost ( 54% ) of total blue

Table 1 : Number of genus and species of blue green algae that recorded during this study Orders of Number of Percent of Number of Percent of Cyanophyta genus genus species species
Zar gali thermal spring, Azadi spring, Sarta spring, Chneran spring, Piawan spring, Haji Agha spring,Qalasnji Saru spring 6-Phormidiumambiguum Gomontspring Hamammok spring, Rubary Koya, green algae in Iraq, whereas the total blue green algae make up ( 11% ) of all algae of Iraq.Therefore we may say that Arbil province represent ( 11%) of blue green algae in Iraq that are distributed throughout different lakes, rivers,stream, pond ect, and throughout the altitude in Kurdistan.