suggested management strategy at Bhopal city

Entire world is facing the problem of imbalance of nature associated with existing chronic problems of natural calamities. Besides major contributor of pollution there is major. The root cause of natural imbalance is pollution Hospital Solid Waste include- Anatomical waste, pathology and laboratory waste, office waste plastics and sharp. In present paper an attempt has to maid to characterize and quantify hospital solid waste generated from different wards and clinical areas of hospital.


INTRODUCTION
A huge quantity of hospital waste is produced from health care institutions across the country, which poses health hazards Hamidia hospital of Bhopal city was selected to study the quantity of waste generated from different wards of hospital.The adopted waste management strategy in hospital, also studied during study period.The quantitative study of solid hospital waste helps in affective management of hospital waste as quantitative study helps to know the exact of waste generated from different wards of hospital which is turns will help in better handling and management of hospital waste.
Quantitative study of hospital waste also helps to decide the installation of treatment and disposal devices according to need, in this way quantitative study helps to eliminate installation of high capacity treatment and disposal devices like The present study deals with the category wise quantification of hospital waste for the better management.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The amount of hospital waste generated form different wards varies and have different combinations even if the total numbers of beds are same.Objective of present study was to quantity the hospital waste generated from different wards in hospital.For the study Hamidia hospital was selected which is the largest government hospital of Bhopal city with 885 beds.The study was conducted for one week.

GW-General waste
During the study hospital solid waste was collected separately form each depar tment mentioned in observations table.Waste was collected category wised coloured bags (prescribed by Bio medical waste handling and management rule 1998) were given to safai Karamcharies for collection of waste and display sheets also given which contain names of the content and pictures and figures as most of the karamcharies are illiterate collected waste again segregated and weighed.After weighing bags contain with waste returned to safai karamcharies for disposal.

RESULTS AND DICUSSION
Results are represented in table 1. which is shows ward wise quantity of generated hospital waste and its percentage also.

Identification segregation of waste
Waste materials that always be considered as infectious and hazards, must be identified and segregate from the waste which is non infectious and non hazards.

Collection
Yellow bag is used to collect incineration waste (Human Anatomical waste).Red bag is used for highly infectious waste which is non incineration (contaminated solid waste) black bag is used for cytotoxic waste drugs, chemical waste, incineration ash and blue puncture proof bag is used to collect sharps.

Packaging and labeling
After collection of waste bags must be closed tightly and labeled indicating the contents, shift, time of collection, name of person etc. bags must be labeled with symbol of biohazard or cytotoxic

Treatment and disposal
Infectious waste must be treated chemically or thermally prior to dispose it.Waste of yellow bag must be incinerated at high temperature this waste must not be disinfected by chemicals waste of red bag be treated chemically and than finally disposal by deep buried method waste of blue bag (sharps) must be mutilate and disinfect first, then deep buried.

Recycling
Office and house hold goods can be recycled.This category of waste includes paper, aluminum foils, cans, newspaper, cardboards etc. X-ray films can be recycled for silver content.Mercury can be recovered from a variety of Equipments, brass can be recovered from anesthetic and other respiration fitting and plastics and glass can also recycled if segregate properly Degradable waste from kitchen can be converted into compost.

Table 1 :
Physcio-chemical study and assessment of quantitative generation of hospital waste at samplings station no.MR-2 i.e.not exist NI-Non infection waste, *-Department not exist, I-Infectious waste,