Expression of Syndecan 1 on Periodontium treated with Topical Application of Aloe-Vera

Background: Periodontium mainly exposed to injury by trauma or pathologic diseases, Aloe vera is a plant has many basic ingredients in its extracted gel that acts as wound healing accelerator in addition to that it's safe, and economical and without recordable of side effect. This study aimed is to evaluate the effect of topical application of Aloe vera on expression of syndecan -1 by periodontium tissue. Materials and methods: Thirty six male Albino rats were subjected for periodontium defect by electric scaler on the distal sides of both lower anterior teeth. The animals divided into two groups; control group (without treatment) and the experimental group treated with 1μLAloe vera gel/normal saline. Periodontal healing was examined at periods (3, 7, 14 days) for immunohistochemical localization of syndecan 1. Results: Immunohistochemical examination of this study revealed that the aloe vera treatment increase expression of syndecan 1 by epithelial cell, osteoblasts, fibroblast, stromal cells and with highly significant differences in comparison with control and saline. Conclusion: Aloe vera gel may affect the expression of syndecan 1 which seems to play a role in periodontium healing.


INTRODUCTION
Periodontium injury healing is a series of biological processes; include migration, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of several cell types.All these activities are triggered by chemoattraction of the cells; polypeptide mediators bind to their cell-surface receptors, integrins bind to extracellular matrix components, and different growth factors regulate different cell functions.The process is ending with the formation and maturation of a new extracellular matrix (1)(2)(3) .
Aloe vera is a plant has many health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and wound healing acceleration, used in different fields like cosmetology, dermatology, and dentistry (7) .Aloe vera gel consists of many ingredients such as vitamins, enzymes, minerals, hormones and polysaccharides (acemannan),these contents play important roles in wound healing process.The present study has been prepared to illustrate the effect of local application of aloe vera gel on expression of syndecan -1 in periodontium wound healing.

Animals
Thirty six albino rats weighting (250-400) gram, aged (6-8) months were used in the present study, maintained under control conditions of temperature, drinking and food consumption.All experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with the ethical principles of animal experimentation.
The animals were divided into control and experimental group: A. Control group the periodontium defect left without any treatment and its number represented the all number of the following experimental groups as the right side of each animal considered to be the control.B. Experimental group was subdivided into following groups according to the applicable of biomaterials includes: • Group 1 contains (18) rats, the periodontium defect treated with 1µL normal saline.• Group 2 contains (18) rats, the periodontium defect treated with 1µL of A. vera gel.

Immunohistochemical evaluation
The animals were sacrificed at 3,7,14 days (six rats for each period).The specimens were fixed by 10% buffered formalin for 3 days.The samples then demineralized, paraffin.Five prepared for localization of immune syndecan 1.

Determination of immunohistochemical results for syndecan 1
For each specimen, the number of positive expression of syndeca evaluating 100 cells for each power fields (HPF) counting the positive one, then the mean of count for eight slides for each sample (8)

Statistic Analyse
A. Descriptive data analysis.B. Inferential data analysis

Determination of immunohistochemical results for syndecan 1
For each specimen, the number of positive expression of syndeca evaluating 100 cells for each power fields (HPF) counting the positive one, then the mean of count for eight slides for each ) .

Statistic Analyses
Descriptive data analysis.Inferential data analysis

Determination of immunohistochemical results
For each specimen, the number of positive expression of syndecan 1 was determined by evaluating 100 cells for each slide in five high power fields (HPF) counting the positive one, then the mean of count for eight slides for each Descriptive data analysis.Inferential data analysis

Determination of immunohistochemical results
For each specimen, the number of positive n 1 was determined by slide in five high power fields (HPF) counting the positive one, then the mean of count for eight slides for each Descriptive data analysis.dehydrated, and embedded in section was reaction of

Determination of immunohistochemical results
For each specimen, the number of positive n 1 was determined by slide in five high power fields (HPF) counting the positive one, then the mean of count for eight slides for each

RESULT Result for i syndecan 1
in each group osteoblast group records a strong expression shows epithelial cell layers of results was illustrated by lymphocyte in lamina properia ligament shows 3).highly significant differences for the expression of syndecan 1 epithelial cells, cell, bone cells saline groups.B September 2016

Result for i mmuno syndecan 1
Expression of syndecan 1 in each group was osteoblast cell, group records a strong expression shows a negative expression of Syndecan epithelial cell layers of results was illustrated by lymphocyte in lamina properia.Some f ligament shows 3).
Table (1) shows that highly significant differences for the expression of syndecan 1 epithelial cells, cell, bone cells saline groups.

mmunohistochemical
Expression of syndecan 1 was detected by cementoblast cell, cell, and keratinocyte group records a strong expression negative expression of Syndecan epithelial cell layers of gingivae, while results was illustrated by lymphocyte in lamina Some f ibroblasts cell in periodontal ligament shows negative expression shows that A. highly significant differences for the expression of in periodontium cells include epithelial cells, stromal cell, cell, bone cells in comparison

Expression of Syndecan histochemical findings
Expression of syndecan 1for over all periods detected by cementoblast cell, and keratinocyte.E xperimental group records a strong expression .Saline group negative expression of Syndecan gingivae, while a positive results was illustrated by lymphocyte in lamina ibroblasts cell in periodontal negative expression (figure vera group records a highly significant differences for the expression of in periodontium cells include stromal cell, periodontal ligament comparison to control and

( 1 )
Master Student.Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad.(2)Professor, Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad.

Figure 1 :
Figure 1: Control group with immunohistochemical expression of syndecan 1 (DAB day, Keratinocyte cell (arrow)expressed positive DAB stain for syndecan day, Woven bone (WB) shows positive expression of syndecan th day,View for periodontal ligament (PDL) , alveolar bone (AB) shows positive immune reaction for syndecan fibroblast shows negative (arrows) .DAB stain X20.