The Aggregate Planning for Trucking Operation in Cikarang Dry Port

. Cikarang Dry Port currently is the only dry port in Indonesia. This Dry Port has a role to connect or extend the Sea Port to the industrial areas located far from Sea Port. Thus, it creates a value added and also reduce costs. One of the operations done in Cikarang Dry Port is trucking operation. This research aims to examine the planning of 2014 trucking activity in Cikarang Dry Port to determine the right number of the truck that will be best occupied to manage all demands. The analysis begins with demand forecasting by using a moving average method of 12 months or one year period in 2013 which will be used as main information to develop the plans. There are three plans developed in this research. Based on the three plans, Plan A with minimum trucking plan with subcontracting is the most profitable which gives the highest profitability of Rp. 374,984,625. Recommendation for this research is using the current minimum number of 39 trucks rent with additional subcontracting when the demand is exceeding the capacity, thus, Cikarang Dry Port can occupy all demands and gain more profits.

D wi Puspita Sari Utami and F ilda Rahmiati* President University, Jln Ki Hajar Dewantara, Cikarang Baru 17550, Bekasi, I ndonesia I nternational trading activities especially export and import activity has become one of the most important factors to support the national growth with all of its indicators (Hakim, 2012). In the past few years, Indonesia economic has grown rapidly while most of the country in the world struggling in a crisis. T he data published yearly by Indonesian Central Agency of Statistics from the year 2002 up to 2012 shown an increased in export and import values which can be concluded that I ndonesia has increased in its economic growth as shown in F igure 1.1. Hence, it affects the loads in most ports in Indonesia; one of them is T anjung Priok Sea Port which is located in Jakarta greater area.
F igure 1.1. E x port-Import Value

I ntroduction
C ik arang Dry Port currently is the only dry port in Indonesia. T his Dry Port has a role to connect or extend the Sea Port to the industrial areas located far from Sea Port. Thus, it crea tes a va lue added and also reduce costs. One of the operations done in Cik arang Dry Port is truck ing operation. This research aims to examine the planning of 2014 truck ing activity in Cik arang Dry Port to determine the right number of the truck that will be best occupied to manage all demands. T he analysis begins with demand forecasting by using a moving average method of 12 months or one year period in 20 13 which will be used as main information to develop the plans. T here a re three plans developed in this resea rch. Based on the three plans, Plan A with minimum truck ing plan with subcontra cting is the most profitable which gives th e highest profitability of R p. 374,984,625. Recommendation for this research is using the current minimum number of 39 truck s rent with additional subcontracting when the demand is exceeding the capacity, thus, Cik arang Dry Port can occupy all demands and gain more profits.
A ggregate Planning; Scheduling; Truck ing Operation; Moving A verage; Cik arang DryPort F urthermore, the steeply rising container flows have resulted in crowded terminals, crowded activity and longer dwell times for containers (Roso, 2008). He also stated that there is a necessity to open up a new and integrated dry port to minimize the dwelling time in t h e seaport. A dry port is an inland intermodal terminal directly connected to seaport(s) with high capacity transport, mean(s) where customers can leave/pick up their standardized units as if directly to a seaport. Mostly, the export and import activities in T anjung Priok come from Cikarang area. B ecause Cikarang is a largest industrial area in Southeast Asia (Jababeka Press Release, 2008), therefore, to support the activities, P T . Jababeka T bk. creates the one and only dry port in I ndonesia, Cikarang D ry P ort (CD P ).
CD P located in Jababeka Industrial E state, which lies in the heart of the biggest manufacturing zone of West Java, home of more than 2,500 industrial companies, both Multinational Companies and Small and Medium E nterprises (SME s). CDP uses trucking or road transportation as the main operation. It occurs because T anjung Priok Sea Port does not have train emplacement that allow the train to take the co ntainers directly from the vessels (Sumantri, 2013). T herefore, the number of t h e truck will be very significant to the operation of CD P.
O ne of the main operations in CD P is delivering the container for export and import activities from/to customer to/from CDP and from/to CDP to/from T anjung Priok Sea Port. T rucking operation in CD P is doing four kinds of services which are the shuttle, feeder, train freight, and others. According to Nossack and Pesch (2013), the trucking problem has risen in many port and logistic operation all over the world. Currently, CD P has rented 30 trucks from the third party logistic providers. 20 trucks from a vendor of Iron B ird and 10 trucks are from Pancaran Darat T ransport (PD T ). T he numbers of trucks are made with the demand volume when CD P first operated in 2010. And today, because of the increasing export and import activities, CD P needs to adjust the number of trucking resources to current demand volume. T he following F igure 1.2 shows the comparison of the demand of trucking operation and trucking ability in 2013. Mostly in 2013, the trucking ability are goes under the demand, it means that in those months, there are some containers were late. T he data for demand and sales from CD P in the year 2013 was 30 ,742 while the sales were 29,917. I t shows that there was a gap of 825 containers that could not be taken from T anjung Priok on time. T his case becomes the problem that will be discussed in this study. B ased on the problem identification mentioned, the research question constructed is,

According
to Seyoum (2009 ), I nternational trade is the exchange of goods and services across national boundaries. I t is also the first type of foreign business operation undertaken by most companies because importing or exporting requires the least commitment of, and risk to the company's resources. Hakim (2012) stated that, International trade through export and import operation has become one of the important factors that contribute to the national economic growth.
According to Lu and Su (2002), logistic deals with the flow and storage of goods and related information. All the processes of planning, implementing and c ontrolling the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods, and relation information from point-of-origin and point-of-consumption are for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements. D eveloped economies like E urope and North America, seaport brought out existing dry port so as to control the supply chain (Nottebo om and Rodrigue, 2005 ). According to Sumantri (2013 ), operations of CD P usually appear in the inland port is shuttle and feeder. T he shuttle is the activity to take out the container from the sea port to the inland port or in other words it is inter-port operations. T his activity usually supported by either truck or train. On the other hand, a feeder is the activity to bring the container from dry port to consignee's warehouse or, in other words, it is the extension to shuttle activity.
According to Suprapto (2013) as a CY Manager in CDP, c ontainer yard is made to store the containers that come to the port. T his is a basic and fundamental facility of every port. E ach container that arrives in the port is put in the CY until the consignees take them out from the port. In the dry port, CY also plays an important role in its operation.
According to T akey (2006), Aggregate Production Planning (APP) is a middle term planning concerned with the determination of production, inventory, and workforce levels to meet such a fluctuating demand requirements over a planning horizon typically of one year. T he goal is to meet the seasonal forecasted product demand in a costeffective manner.
T he capacity planning problem is closely related to product mix problem, deadline setting, order acceptance, and demand/revenue management problems (Chen, 2009 ). T here are two circumstances where the capacity adjustment is considered really necessary. T he first condition is when the demand is exceeding the capacity, which concluded that the capacity need to expand if the demand still wants to be coped. T he second condition that might be appear to be necessary for capacity adjustment is when the capacity exceeding the demand. I t means that there is a need for a company to give up some of their resources in order to minimize the cost.
T his paper can be classified as applied research since the objective is to solve the real problem in the organization. T his research tries to solve the problem related " 2.
Review of L iterature

. Develop A lternative Plans
13 to the decision-making process. T herefore, is made in order to know what the best trucking scheduling that CD P has to use for the next year period of 2014. T he first step is to determine the number of trucks that will be needed for next year period. T he number of trucking should be matched between ability and demand. T herefore, the number of trucks is calculated based on forecasted demand. T he period of the data being used was the data of sales of CD P for January-D ecember 2013.
T his research used aggregate planning method, where it's concerned with determinating the quantity and timing of production for the intermediate future, often from 3 to 18 months (Heizer and Render, 2014). Since this case study is about the transporting goods, therefore, this research is using the transportation method. T ransportation method is a method to solve for the optimal solution to an aggregate planning problem for minimizing costs, hence maximizing profits. T his method is also flexible when it can be specify regular and overtime production in each time period, the number of units to be subcontracted, extra shifts, and the inventory carryover from period to period. Not only subcontracting way, other factor such as hiring and layoffs are introduced. In this case, the method of subcontracting, layoffs and mixed method of subcontracting and layoffs will be used to answer the research question. T he best option will be chosen as the solution. T his method done by following the steps explained are as follow.
T he current general condition is basic information to do the capacity planning of trucking operatio n in CD P. T he cost and revenue will become a basic and main consideration of choosing the most efficient plan among others. B esides the cost and revenue, the trip per day will also become the consideration to determine the ability of a truck. T he trip per day shows the ability of a truck to bring the container from T anjung Priok sea port to CD P. T he higher the trip per day means that the truck has the ability to bring more containers to CD P (Sumantri, 20 13).
T he forecast is the main tools in the aggregate capacity planning. In this research, the object that will be forecasted is the sales in the period of January until D ecember 2013. T he forecast method that the writer uses for this research is simple moving average. Moving average is a method of taking new average every time the new information is obtained (Siegel, et. al., 2006). F urthermore, Siegel said that moving average is one of the effective methods to forecast for a middle term or one until three years. T he formulation of the moving average is defined as follows: Description: n = number of periods in the moving average D 1 = demand in period 1 According to Hill and Rich (2010), the proper number of plans that need to be developed was three plans. In this research, the plans will be compared using profit and loss projection and also trucking ability. Plan A: Minimum T rucking P lan with Subcontracting In this plan the researchers assume that CD P will only use a minimum number of trucks. T he number of trucks calculated based on the minimum numbers of demand in the entire year of 2013. Since this plan A is using minimum numbers of trucks, therefore, it needs subcontracting when the demand is more than minimum numbers. In this case, the variable costs will be affected, hence, the fixed costs will be lowest. In the maximum plan, assumes that CD P will use the number of trucks based on the highest possible number of demand in the entire year of 2013. Since this plan B requires the highest number of demand, therefore, it needs to hire more trucks as well as drivers. B ut, when the demand is low some trucks are unused and some drivers need to be layoffs to match with the demand. I n this case, it affects the fix cost will be high. Plan C: Average T rucking Plan with In this plan, assumes that CDP will have an average number of trucking in the year of 2013. T he number of trucks in this plan got from the calculation using the ability of trucking (trip-per-day) and combined with the profit consideration.T he average number of trucks will creates constant in fixed costs but vary in variable costs. B ut, when demand is high or low it needs to be adjusted. E ither subcontracting or hiring and layoffs need to be considered.
T o choose the best alternative among three plans, the researchers use three projected profit and loss from each plan. T he plan that gives the highest profit will be choosen as the best alternative as it considered the most effective and efficient plan among others.
T he first general condition is the rent cost of each truck, RP. 20 , 0000 ,000 per truck per month. However, the contract has to be yearly. Another fix costs are: distance by every truck, price per trip, and trip money percentage will be shown in T able 4. T rip other (Jababeka Zone) 25 550,000 T rip other (Non-Jababeka Zone) 100 1,000,000 Note: Shuttle is the activity to take out the container from the sea port to the inland port (inter-port operations) F eeder is the activity to bring the container from dry port to consignee's warehouse (extensio n to shuttle activity) T rain freight is the activity to take the c ontainer from the customer's warehouse (to be sent by train to another local region) O ther activity is usually a dry port has to deliver the empty co ntainers from their empty depo t to the yard in the shipping line who owned the containers.
T he data shown in T able 4 .1 above assumed that the value of the following data will remain the same over years. T o operates the trucks in every activity (F eeder, Shuttle, and others), CD P also give a driver certain amount of money called trip money for all trips for trucks necessities (gasoline, toll fees, etc) of 39% of price/trip. F or example, the feeder activity for trip money is Rp 214,500 trip. Additionally, according to Sumantri (201 3), in a day one truck could make from 1.7 trips per day up to 2.5 trips per day. . / Next general condition is the CD P's demand and sales data for the year 2013 in order to make the aggregate planning because this data will be used as the basic data for forecasting. In CD P , demand means it receives order to bring the container from T anjung Priok Sea Port to CD P container yard. T he data will be shown in T able 4.2 below.  As mentioned in the general condition, the trips per day in the year 2013 are varied from 1.7 trips up to 2.5 trips. However, in this planning, the researchers set the trips per day to be 2.1 as average trips per day for every month in the period of 2014. T he summary of total demand of each month period for 2014, the trips per day and the number of trucks that will be required for the year 2014 can be seen in the T able 4.5 below.

Ja babeka
Non-Jaba beka Ja babeka T he aggregate planning is done by setting the right number of trucking that will be needed for trucking operation of CD P. T his aggregate planning is considering all general conditions of the trucking operation. T he data is given directly from CD P whether by secondary data as well as an interview with the stakeholder. T he optimal planning will be used as the actual trucking operation of CD P is the most efficient plan in term of cost and the most effective planning in term of the trucking ability. T o ob tain this required condition, the writer has developed three plans as alternatives for the operation in the year of 2014. T he plans are using minimum, maximum, and