中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (9): 1334-1340.doi: 10.12307/2022.424

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

体外循环加压灌注重建肢体微循环的力学与化学信号传导机制

高  磊1, 秦新愿1, 聂  鑫2,王  雷3,王江宁1   

  1. 1首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院矫形外科,北京市   100038;2山东第一医科大学第一附属医院骨创科,山东省济南市   250014;3山东大学第二医院急诊科,山东省济南市   250033
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-20 修回日期:2021-05-24 接受日期:2021-06-23 出版日期:2022-03-28 发布日期:2021-12-09
  • 通讯作者: 王江宁,博士,主任医师,首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院矫形外科,北京市 100038
  • 作者简介:高磊,男,1985年生,河北省石家庄市人,汉族,首都医科大学毕业,博士,主治医师,主要从事骨外科、显微外科、难愈合创面修复、微循环重建方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    首都临床特色应用研究与成果推广项目(Z171100001017070),项目负责人:王江宁

Extracorporeal circulation compression perfusion in the reconstruction of limb microcirculation from the mechanism of mechanical and chemical signal transduction

Gao Lei1, Qin Xinyuan1, Nie Xin2, Wang Lei3, Wang Jiangning1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China; 3Department of Emergency, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2021-05-20 Revised:2021-05-24 Accepted:2021-06-23 Online:2022-03-28 Published:2021-12-09
  • Contact: Wang Jiangning, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
  • About author:Gao Lei, MD, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
  • Supported by:
    the Capital Clinical Characteristic Application Research and Achievement Promotion Project, No. Z171100001017070 (to WJN)

摘要:

文题释义:
体外循环加压灌注:将自体血引出体外注入循环灌注系统,通过体外循环泵循环加压灌注致病变肢体,病变肢体近端依靠加压止血带阻断血流,病变肢体与体外循环系统形成局部循环回路,通过提高肢体动脉单位时间内的灌注压力(产生肢体平均动脉压200%-300%的最小搏动波形),使病变肢体远端血流量增加,改善了末梢血液循环。
血管力学与化学信号传导:机械力学刺激作用于血管内皮细胞,使血管内皮细胞发生迁移、形成新的管腔来对血管再生产生调控作用,此过程涉及力学刺激信号与血管舒张因子和收缩因子之间的偶联作用,最终通过这些血管活性物质对血管功能起调节作用。

背景:前期工作应用体外循环加压灌注治疗缺血病变,建立下肢侧支循环的同时,通过增多下肢血流灌注量改善肢体远端微循环,该项技术取得了很好的临床效果。
目的:通过设计糖尿病合并外周动脉疾病动物模型,从力学与化学信号传导机制来阐述体外循环加压灌注技术重建肢体微循环的作用原理。
方法:24只巴马小型猪(均建立糖尿病合并外周动脉疾病模型),随机分为4组,每组6只,分别为空白对照组、模型组、体外循环灌注治疗组(正常肢体平均动脉压灌注)(常压灌注组)、体外循环加压灌注治疗组(2倍平均动脉压灌注)(加压灌注组),分别于模型建立成功、灌注30 min,1 h,2 h,5 h,7 h等6个时间点测定4组实验动物的肢体血流量,抽取实验动物动脉血运用ELISA法行细胞因子白细胞介素8、一氧化氮和内皮素1含量测定;实验结束2周后,取右后肢胫前肌组织,于病理科行苏木精-伊红染色,观察毛细血管密度;实验结束后取4组实验动物右后肢胫前肌组织,Western blot法检测组织中血管内皮生长因子A /血管内皮细胞生长因子受体2蛋白相对表达量。
结果与结论:①加压灌注组在灌注7 h后,其皮肤血流值显著高于其他3组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);血清标本中一氧化氮水平显著高于其他3组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);血清标本中内皮素1值高于模型组,低于空白对照组、常压灌注组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);血清标本中白细胞介素8水平高于模型组,低于空白对照组、常压灌注组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②实验结束2周后,加压灌注组胫前肌组织标本病理学检测显示微血管密度计数为(18.33±1.51)条/mm2,显著高于其他3组(P < 0.05);加压灌注组胫前肌组织中血管内皮生长因子A /血管内皮细胞生长因子受体2蛋白表达量显著升高,与其他3组比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③提示体外循环加压灌注技术通过提高灌注压,增大血液流动过程中血流对血管内皮细胞的剪切力,启动复杂的力学与化学信号转导,促进侧支循环形成,进而有效改善微循环。
缩略语:血管内皮生长因子A:vascular endothelial growth factor A,VEGFA;血管内皮细胞生长因子受体2:vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2,VEGFR2

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 糖尿病合并外周动脉疾病, 体外循环加压灌注, 微循环, 剪切力, 毛细血管

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Preliminary work applied extracorporeal circulation and pressurized perfusion to treat ischemic lesions. While establishing lower extremity collateral circulation, it also improved the distal microcirculation of the extremities by increasing the blood perfusion volume of the lower extremities. This technique has achieved good clinical results.  
OBJECTIVE: To explain the principle of extracorporeal circulation compression perfusion in the reconstruction of limb microcirculation from the mechanism of mechanical and chemical signal transduction by designing an animal model of diabetes with peripheral arterial disease.
METHODS:  The models of diabetes mellitus complicated with peripheral arterial disease were established in 24 Bama miniature pigs and were randomly divided into four groups (n=6): blank control group, model group, extracorporeal circulation perfusion group (close to normal limb mean arterial pressure perfusion) (normobaric perfusion group), and extracorporeal circulation compression perfusion group (twice mean arterial pressure perfusion) (compression perfusion group). The limb blood flow of the four groups of experimental animals was measured at six time points: successful establishment of the model, 30 minutes of perfusion, 1 hour of perfusion, 2 hours of perfusion, 5 hours of perfusion, and 7 hours of perfusion. Arterial blood samples of experimental animals were taken to detect the contents of interleukin-8, nitric oxide and endothelin-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two weeks after the end of the experiment, the tibialis anterior muscle of the right hindlimb was stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe the capillary density. The tibialis anterior muscle of the right hindlimb was taken from the right hindlimb, and the relative expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A/ vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 protein was detected by western blot assay.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The skin blood flow of the compression perfusion group was significantly higher than that of other three groups after 7 hours of perfusion (P < 0.05). The serum nitric oxide level in compression perfusion group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05). The serum endothelin-1 value in compression perfusion group was significantly higher than that in the model group, lower than that in blank control group and normal pressure perfusion group (P < 0.05). The serum interleukin-8 level in compression perfusion group was higher than that in the model group and lower than that in the blank control group and normal pressure perfusion group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (2) Two weeks after the end of the experiment, pathological examination showed that the microvessel density count of tibialis anterior muscle tissue in compression perfusion group (18.33±1.51)/mm2 was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05). The relative expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A/ vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 protein in the tibialis anterior muscle tissue in the compression perfusion group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05). (3) By increasing the perfusion compression and increasing the shear force of blood flow to vascular endothelial cells, the shear force acted as a mechanical stimulation signal to initiate complex mechanical and chemical signal transduction so as to promote the formation of collateral circulation, thereby effectively improving microcirculation.

Key words: diabetes mellitus complicated with peripheral arterial disease, extracorporeal circulation compression perfusion, microcirculation, shear force, capillaries

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