基于博弈策略的能源区块链安全交易机制

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.12.014

电力建设 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 127-135.doi: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.12.014

基于博弈策略的能源区块链安全交易机制

李刚¹^,²(), 赵琳颖¹(), 关雪¹(), 鲁斌¹^,²(), 辛锐³^,⁴, 程凯³^,⁴()

1.华北电力大学计算机系,河北省保定市 071003
2.复杂能源系统智能计算教育部工程研究中心,河北省保定市 071003
3.国网河北省电力有限公司信息通信分公司,石家庄市 050021
4.河北省电力物联网信息通信技术创新中心,石家庄市 050021

收稿日期:2021-08-12 出版日期:2021-12-01 发布日期:2021-11-26
通讯作者: 李刚 E-mail:ququ_er2003@126.com;hello_z11@163.com;guanxueguanxue@163.com;lubin@ncepu.edu.cn;smileck@126.com
作者简介:赵琳颖(1997),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为智能电网与大数据、能源区块链,E-mail: hello_z11@163.com;
关雪(1997),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为智能电网与大数据、能源区块链,E-mail: guanxueguanxue@163.com;
鲁斌(1975),男,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为人工智能、电力大数据分析,E-mail: lubin@ncepu.edu.cn;
辛锐(1983),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力信息技术;
程凯(1990),男,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为信息安全技术,E-mail: smileck@126.com。
基金资助:
河北省重点研发计划项目(20310103D);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2020MS119)

Security Transaction Mechanism of Energy Blockchain Applying Game Strategy

LI Gang¹^,²(), ZHAO Linying¹(), GUAN Xue¹(), LU Bin¹^,²(), XIN Rui³^,⁴, CHENG Kai³^,⁴()

1. Department of Computer, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, Hebei Province, China
2. Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Computing for Complex Energy Systems, Ministry of Education, Baoding 071003, Hebei Province, China
3. State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company Limited Information and Communication Branch, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
4. Hebei Electric Power Internet of Things Information and Communication Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050021, China

Received:2021-08-12 Online:2021-12-01 Published:2021-11-26
Contact: LI Gang E-mail:ququ_er2003@126.com;hello_z11@163.com;guanxueguanxue@163.com;lubin@ncepu.edu.cn;smileck@126.com
Supported by:
Key R & D Program of Hebei Province(20310103D);Fundamental Reseavch Funds for Central University(2020MS119)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

能源区块链的先期探索给能源互联网的建设提供了良好的技术支撑,然而大规模参与主体的不断涌入,能源交易的安全、公平、效率等问题再次迎来新的挑战,博弈论因考量了交易主体之间的策略互动及利益依存关系,有望为该问题的解决提供新思路。首先,以能源交易的利益最大化为目标函数,构建多能源交易策略的博弈模型,依据能源供需量及报价,求解能源用户和能源商户策略博弈的纳什均衡值,为交易机制提供价格参考。其次,结合能源互联网的特性,构建基于联盟链的弱中心化多主体能源交易机制,并对能源区块结构及共识机制进行改进以实现高效可靠的交易流程。最后,在模拟场景下进行算例仿真,仿真结果表明所提出的安全交易机制在保障买卖双方利益的同时,加快了区块的共识速度,为能源交易平台的建设提供帮助。

关键词: 能源互联网, 区块链, 博弈论, 安全交易机制, 共识机制

Abstract:

The early exploration of the energy blockchain has provided good technical support for the construction of the energy internet. However, as the continuous influx of large-scale participants, the safety, fairness and efficiency of energy transactions once again face new challenges. Game theory considers the advantages of strategic interaction and interest dependence between transaction subjects, and is expected to provide new solutions. Firstly, the objective function of maximizing the benefits of energy trading is to construct a multi-energy trading strategy game model. According to energy supply and demand and quotation, the Nash equilibrium value of the strategy game between energy users and energy providers is solved, which provides a price reference for the trading mechanism. Combining the characteristics of the energy internet, this paper builds a weakly centralized multi-agent energy transaction mechanism based on the alliance chain, and improves the energy block structure and consensus mechanism to achieve an efficient and reliable transaction process. Simulation results show that the secure transaction mechanism not only protects the interests of buyers and sellers, but also speeds up the consensus of the block, with a view to provide help for the construction of the energy trading platform.

Key words: energy internet, blockchain, game theory, secure transaction mechanism, consensus mechanism

中图分类号:

TM732
TK01

李刚, 赵琳颖, 关雪, 鲁斌, 辛锐, 程凯. 基于博弈策略的能源区块链安全交易机制[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(12): 127-135.

LI Gang, ZHAO Linying, GUAN Xue, LU Bin, XIN Rui, CHENG Kai. Security Transaction Mechanism of Energy Blockchain Applying Game Strategy[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2021, 42(12): 127-135.

图/表 10

图1 能源互联网基本架构

Fig.1 Basic architecture of an energy Internet

图2 能源交易主体策略博弈模型

Fig.2 Strategy game model between energy transaction entities

图3 弱中心化多主体能源交易机制

Fig.3 Weakly centralized multi-agent energy trading mechanism

图4 能源区块链结构

Fig.4 Energy blockchain structure

表1 共识算法比较

Table 1 Comparison of consensus algorithms

图5 能源交易参考价格

Fig.5 Reference price of energy trading

表2 能源交易主体交易信息

Table 2 Transaction information of energy transaction entities

图6 能源交易结果

Fig.6 Energy trading results

图7 能源用户交易成本对比

Fig.7 Comparison of transaction costs of energy users

图8 共识时间对比

Fig.8 Consensus time comparison

参考文献 23

[1]	田世明, 栾文鹏, 张东霞, 等. 能源互联网技术形态与关键技术[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015, 35(14):3482-3494.
	TIAN Shiming, LUAN Wenpeng, ZHANG Dongxia, et al. Energy Internet technology form and key technologies[J]. Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering, 2015, 35(14): 3482-3494.
[2]	颜拥, 赵俊华, 文福拴, 等. 能源系统中的区块链:概念、应用与展望[J]. 电力建设, 2017, 38(2): 12-20.
	YAN Yong, ZHAO Junhua, WEN Fushuan, et al. Blockchain in energy system: Concept, application and outlook[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38(2): 12-20.
[3]	周国良, 李刚, 吕凛杰, 等. 区块链背景下能源互联网信息基础架构研究与事件[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2020:10-23.
[4]	IMANUVILOV O Y, YAMAMOTO M. Energy internet towards smart grid 2.0[C]// 2013 Fourth International Conference on Networking and Distributed Computing. Los Angeles: IEEE, 2013:105-110.
[5]	查煜坤, 智慧, 房小彤. 基于区块链的物联网智能终端协作计算方案[J]. 北京邮电大学学报, 2021, 44(2): 89-94.
	ZHA Yukun, ZHI Hui, FANG Xiaotong. A blockchain-based IoT smart terminal collaborative computing scheme[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2021, 44(2): 89-94. doi: 10.13190/j.jbupt.2020-176
[6]	MEMON R A, LI Jianping, AHMED J, et al. Cloud-based vs. blockchain-based IoT: A comparative survey and way forward[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2020, 21(4): 563-587.
[7]	王千阁, 何蒲, 聂铁铮, 等. 区块链系统的数据存储与查询技术综述[J]. 计算机科学, 2018, 45(12): 12-18.
	WANG Qiange, HE Pu, NIE Tiezheng, et al. Overview of data storage and query technology in blockchain systems[J]. Computer Science, 2018, 45(12): 12-18.
[8]	黄虹, 文康珍, 刘璇, 等. 泛在电力物联网背景下基于联盟区块链的电力交易方法[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2020, 48(3):22-28.
	HUANG Hong, WEN Kangzhen, LIU Xuan, et al. Power trading method based on consortium blockchain under ubiquitous power internet of things[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2020, 48(3):22-28.
[9]	马腾, 刘洋, 许立雄, 等. 基于区块链的配电侧多微电网电能去中心化交易模型[J]. 电网技术, 2021, 45(6): 2237-2247.
	MA Teng, LIU Yang, XU Lixiong, et al. Blockchain-based decentralized transaction model of multi-microgrid power on the distribution side[J]. Power Grid Technology, 2021, 45(6): 2237-2247.
[10]	李刚, 黄奕敏, 郑顾平, 等. 雷电网络在电动汽车充电交易中的技术前景[J]. 电力建设, 2018, 39(9): 78-86.
	LI Gang, HUANG Yimin, ZHENG Guping, et al. Technical prospects of raiden network in electric vehicle charging transaction[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2018, 39(9): 78-86.
[11]	顾洁, 白凯峰, 时亚军. 基于多主体主从博弈优化交互机制的区域综合能源系统优化运行[J]. 电网技术, 2019, 43(9): 3119-3134.
	GU Jie, BAI Kaifeng, SHI Yajun. Optimal operation of regional integrated energy system based on multi-agent master-slave game optimization interaction mechanism[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43(9): 3119-3134.
[12]	代业明, 高红伟, 高岩, 等. 具有电力需求预测更新的智能电网实时定价机制[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2018, 42(12): 58-63.
	DAI Yeming, GAO Hongwei, GAO Yan, et al. Smart grid real-time pricing mechanism with power demand forecast update[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(12): 58-63.
[13]	LIU Nian, YU Xinghuo, WANG Cheng, et al. Energy sharing management for microgrids with PV prosumers: A Stackelberg game approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2017, 13(3): 1088-1098. doi: 10.1109/TII.2017.2654302 URL
[14]	杨方, 白翠粉, 张义斌. 能源互联网的价值与实现架构研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015, 35(14): 3495-3502.
	YANG Fang, BAI Cuifen, ZHANG Yibin. Research on the value and implementation framework of the energy Internet[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(14): 3495-3502.
[15]	杨东伟, 樊涛, 朱辉, 等. 区块链在能源互联中的应用探索[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2018: 5-9.
[16]	张宁, 王毅, 康重庆, 等. 能源互联网中的区块链技术:研究框架与典型应用初探[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(15): 4011-4023.
	ZHANG Ning, WANG Yi, KANG Chongqing, et al. Blockchain technology in the energy Internet: Research framework and a preliminary study of typical applications[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(15): 4011-4023.
[17]	张维迎. 博弈论与信息经济学[M]. 上海: 上海人民出版社, 2012: 20-45.
[18]	刁勤华, 林济铿, 倪以信, 等. 博弈论及其在电力市场中的应用[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2001, 25(1): 19-23.
	DIAO Qinhua, LIN Jikeng, NI Yixin, et al. Game theory and its application in power market[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2001, 25(1): 19-23.
[19]	卢强, 陈来军, 梅生伟. 博弈论在电力系统中典型应用及若干展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(29): 5009-5017.
	LU Qiang, CHEN Laijun, MEI Shengwei. Typical applications and prospects of game theory in power systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(29): 5009-5017.
[20]	窦晓波, 曹水晶, 刘之涵, 等. 弱中心化的配电网市场交易机制、模型与技术实现[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(12): 104-112.
	DOU Xiaobo, CAO Crystal, LIU Zhihan, et al. Weakly centralized distribution network market transaction mechanism, model and technology realization[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019, 43(12): 104-112.
[21]	MARKO V. The quest for scalable blockchain fabric: Proof-of-work vs. BFT replication[C]// Inte-rnational workshop on open problems in network security. Springer, Cham, 2015: 112-125.
[22]	GRAMOLI V. From blockchain consensus back to Byzantine consensus[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems, 2020, 107: 760-769.. doi: 10.1016/j.future.2017.09.023 URL
[23]	ZHENG Z, XIE S, DAI H, et al. An overview of blockchain technology: Architecture, consensus, and future Trends[C]// 2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress). Honolulu:IEEE, 2017: 557-564.

基于博弈策略的能源区块链安全交易机制

Security Transaction Mechanism of Energy Blockchain Applying Game Strategy

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 10

参考文献 23

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	朱廷虎, 刘洋, 许立雄, 饶萍, 李振伟, 吴涵. 基于区块链技术的微电网群分布式电能交易模式[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(6): 12-23.
[2]	杨雪, 金孝俊, 王海洋, 魏翼飞. 基于区块链的绿证和碳交易市场联合激励机制[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(6): 24-33.
[3]	卜飞飞, 王圆圆, 白宏坤, 华远鹏, 韩丁, 王涵, 贾一博, 辛玉华. 基于区块链的需求侧响应方案设计与实现[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(5): 79-89.
[4]	李鹏, 杨莘博, 谭忠富, 王世谦, 张艺涵, 谢安邦, 薛帆. 终端能源互联网平台典型应用场景及商业模式研究[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(3): 112-122.
[5]	席嫣娜, 张宏宇, 高鑫, 杨铭, 梁惠施, 周奎. 基于区块链的能源互联网大数据知识共享模型[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(3): 123-130.
[6]	邬嘉雨, 刘洋, 许立雄, 马腾, 郭久亿, 杨祺铭. 区块链技术下考虑风电不确定性的微网群鲁棒博弈交易模式[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(9): 10-21.
[7]	陈涛, 刘洋, 李文峰, 许立雄, 马腾. 基于区块链技术的微网自适应定价策略及经济调度方法[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(6): 17-28.
[8]	艾崧溥, 胡殿凯, 张桐, 曹军威. 能源互联网电力交易区块链中的关键技术[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(6): 44-57.
[9]	方陈, 张宇, 廖望, 时珊珊, 刘东. 区域能源互联网多能协同优化中的储能效益评估[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(5): 48-56.
[10]	李晓萌, 张忠, 赵华, 饶宇飞, 张振安, 朱全胜, 吕泉. 能源互联网背景下电网备用问题探索[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(5): 57-68.
[11]	王同贺, 华昊辰, 曹军威. 共识边缘计算及其在能源互联网中的应用[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(2): 116-125.
[12]	刘玉成, 段炼, 班晓萌, 黄伟, 左欣雅, 张莞嘉. 基于区块链技术的园区级综合能源系统能量交互[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(12): 30-38.
[13]	赵思翔, 王亚超, 巨汉基, 胡天舒, 褚凤鸣. 基于区块链的电动汽车充电桩两阶段交易优化[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(12): 93-103.
[14]	陶梦林, 王致杰. 基于区块链的多微网智能交易策略[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(12): 116-126.
[15]	玄佳兴, 柳旭, 李国民, 孙旭阳. 基于多链协同区块链的分布式能源交易[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(11): 34-43.