Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Hesperetin-Based Hydrogels Protect the Skin against UV Radiation-Induced Damage

  • Research Article
  • Published:
AAPS PharmSciTech Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

UV radiation can cause damages, such as erythema, skin photoaging, and carcinogenesis. The adoption of protective measures against sun exposure is essential to prevent these damages, and the interest in using natural substances as an alternative for photoprotection is growing. Thus, hesperetin with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties is a promising substance to be used with photochemopreventive action and to protect the skin from damage induced by UV radiation. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a topical formulation based on AAMVPC gel containing hesperetin and evaluate its photoprotective effect on the skin of rats exposed to UVA-UVB radiation. The animals were submitted to the irradiation protocol UVA-UVB, and at the end, erythema, lipid peroxidation, and activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase and superoxide dismutase were evaluated. Additionally, it evaluated the activity of myeloperoxidase and histological changes. The formulation presented a rheological and spreadability profile suitable for cutaneous application. In vivo results demonstrated that the topical formulation of AAMVPC gel containing hesperetin at a concentration of 10% protected the skin from damage induced by UVA-UVB radiation, with the absence of erythema, lipid lipoperoxidation, and inflammation (low myeloperoxidase activity), and increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. The morphology and architecture of the dermo-epidermal tissue of these animals were like those observed under normal conditions (non-irradiated animals). Thus, the results showed that hesperetin was able to protect the animals’ skin against UV radiation–induced skin damage and the protection mechanisms may be related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of this natural product.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7 
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Baccarin T, Mitjans M, Ramos D, Lemos-Senna E, Vinardell MP. Photoprotection by Punica granatum seed oil nanoemulsion entrapping polyphenol-rich ethyl acetate fraction against UVB-induced DNA damage in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2015;153:127–36. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.09.005

  2. Türker H. The effect of ultraviolet radiation of pancreatic exocrine cells in mole rats: An ultrastructural study. J Radiat Res Appl Sci. 2015;8:49–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Batista CM, Alves AVF, Queiroz LA, Lima BS, Filho RNP, Araújo AAS, et al. The photoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of red propolis extract in rats. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol [Internet]. Elsevier B.V; 2018;180:198–207. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.01.028

  4. Gu Y, Han J, Jiang C, Zhang Y. Biomarkers, oxidative stress and autophagy in skin aging. Ageing Res Rev [Internet]. Elsevier; 2020;59:101036. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2020.101036

  5. Serafini MR, Detoni CB, Menezes PDP, Pereira Filho RN, Fortes VS, Vieira MJF, et al. UVA-UVB Photoprotective Activity of Topical Formulations Containing Morinda citrifolia Extract. Biomed Res Int. Hindawi Publishing Corporation; 2014;2014.

  6. Petruk G, Giudice R Del, Rigano MM, Monti DM. Antioxidants from plants protect against skin photoaging. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018.

  7. Sajo MEJ, Kim CS, Kim SK, Shim KY, Kang TY, Lee KJ. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Shungite against Ultraviolet B Irradiation-Induced Skin Damage in Hairless Mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017.

  8. Nobile V, Michelotti A, Cestone E, Caturla N, Castillo J, Benavente-García O, et al. Skin photoprotective and antiageing effects of a combination of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) polyphenols. Food Nutr Res. 2016;60.

  9. Liu X, Zhang R, Shi H, Li X, Li Y, Taha A, et al. Protective effect of curcumin against ultraviolet A irradiation-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17:7227–37.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhou Y, Yang W, Li Z, Luo D, Li W, Zhang Y, et al. Moringa oleifera stem extract protect skin keratinocytes against oxidative stress injury by enhancement of antioxidant defense systems and activation of PPARα. Biomed Pharmacother [Internet]. Elsevier; 2018;107:44–53. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.152

  11. Cho BO, Che DN, Shin JY, Kang HJ, Kim JH, Kim HY, et al. Ameliorative effects of Diospyros lotus leaf extract against UVB-induced skin damage in BALB/c mice. Biomed Pharmacother [Internet]. Elsevier Masson SAS; 2017;95:264–74. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.159

  12. Nery ÉM, Martinez RM, Velasco MVR, Baby AR. A short review of alternative ingredients and technologies of inorganic UV filters. J Cosmet Dermatol [Internet]. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2021 [cited 2022 May 15];20:1061–5. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13694

  13. Schneider SL, Lim HW. A review of inorganic UV filters zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed [Internet]. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed; 2019 [cited 2022 May 15];35:442–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30444533/

  14. Schneider SL, Lim HW. Review of environmental effects of oxybenzone and other sunscreen active ingredients. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet]. J Am Acad Dermatol; 2019 [cited 2021 Dec 7];80:266–71. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29981751/

  15. Narla S, Lim HW. Sunscreen: FDA regulation, and environmental and health impact. Photochem Photobiol Sci [Internet]. Royal Society of Chemistry; 2020 [cited 2021 Dec 7];19:66–70. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337461311_Sunscreen_FDA_Regulation_and_Environmental_and_Health_Impact

  16. Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Santos C, Fernandes E. Therapeutic potential of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin: Cell cycle regulation and apoptosis induction in cancer models. Phytomedicine [Internet]. Elsevier; 2020;73:152887. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152887

  17. Ding HW, Huang AL, Zhang YL, Li B, Huang C, Ma T tao, et al. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of hesperetin derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory agent. Fitoterapia. 2017;121:212–22.

  18. Samie A, Sedaghat R, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M. Hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, attenuates testicular damage in diabetic rats via inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Life Sci [Internet]. Elsevier Inc; 2018;210:132–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.074

  19. Aswar M, Kute P, Mahajan S, Mahajan U, Nerurkar G, Aswar U. Protective effect of hesperetin in rat model of partial sciatic nerve ligation induced painful neuropathic pain: An evidence of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2014;124:101–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2014.05.013

  20. Bodduluru LN, Kasala ER, Barua CC, Karnam KC, Dahiya V, Ellutla M. Antiproliferative and antioxidant potential of hesperetin against benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Chem Biol Interact [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2015;242:345–52. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.020

  21. Tan YQ, Chiu-Leung LC, Lin S mei, Leung LK. The citrus flavonone hesperetin attenuates the nuclear translocation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Comp Biochem Physiol Part - C Toxicol Pharmacol [Internet]. Elsevier; 2018;210:57–64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.05.007

  22. Wang Y, Liu S, Dong W, Qu X, Huang C, Yan T, et al. Combination of hesperetin and platinum enhances anticancer effect on lung adenocarcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother [Internet]. Elsevier; 2019;113:108779. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108779

  23. Zhu C, Dong Y, Liu H, Ren H, Cui Z. Hesperetin protects against H2O2-triggered oxidative damage via upregulation of the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway in ARPE-19 cells. Biomed Pharmacother [Internet]. Elsevier Masson SAS; 2017;88:124–33. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.089

  24. Khan A, Ikram M, Hahm JR, Kim MO. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of citrus flavonoid hesperetin: Special focus on neurological disorders. Antioxidants. 2020;9:1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Iranshahi M, Rezaee R, Parhiz H, Roohbakhsh A, Soltani F. Protective effects of flavonoids against microbes and toxins: The cases of hesperidin and hesperetin. Life Sci [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2015;137:125–32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2015.07.014

  26. Petrova A, Davids LM, Rautenbach F, Marnewick JL. Photoprotection by honeybush extracts, hesperidin and mangiferin against UVB-induced skin damage in SKH-1 mice. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;103:126–39. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.02.020

  27. Roohbakhsh A, Parhiz H, Soltani F, Rezaee R, Iranshahi M. Molecular mechanisms behind the biological effects of hesperidin and hesperetin for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Life Sci. 2015;124:64–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Daneluz J, da Silva Favero J, dos Santos V, Weiss-Angeli V, Gomes LB, Mexias AS, et al. The influence of different concentrations of a natural clay material as active principle in cosmetic formulations. Mater Res. 2020;23.

  29. Zanini M. Gel de ácido tricloroacético - Uma nova técnica para um antigo ácido. Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am. 2007;35:14–7.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Carvalho YMBG, Menezes PP, Sousa BMH, Lima BS, Trindade IAS, Serafini MR, et al. Inclusion complex between β-cyclodextrin and hecogenin acetate produces superior analgesic effect in animal models for orofacial pain. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;93:754–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Francisconi RS, Maquera-Huacho PM, Tonon CC, Calixto GMF, de Cássia Orlandi Sardi J, Chorilli M, et al. Terpinen-4-ol and nystatin co-loaded precursor of liquid crystalline system for topical treatment of oral candidiasis. Sci Rep [Internet]. Nature Publishing Group UK; 2020;10:1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70085-z

  32. Menezes P, Frank LA, Lima B, Carvalho Y, Serafini M, Quintans-Júnior L, et al. Hesperetin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules in polyamide: a new textile formulation for topical drug delivery. Int J Nanomedicine [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Sep 13];Volume 12:2069–79. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28352176

  33. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem Academic Press. 1976;72:248–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Misra HP, Fridovich I. The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem. 1972;247:3170–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Aebi H. [13] Catalase in Vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Draper HH, Hadley M. Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid Peroxidation. Methods Enzymol. 1990;186:421–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys Academic Press. 1959;82:70–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Marchiori MCL, Rigon C, Camponogara C, Oliveira SM, Cruz L. Hydrogel containing silibinin-loaded pomegranate oil based nanocapsules exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on skin damage UVB radiation-induced in mice. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol. Elsevier B.V.; 2017;170:25–32.

  39. Dimaki A, Kyriazi M, Leonis G, Sfiniadakis I, Papaioannou GT, Ioannou E, et al. Diabetic skin and UV light: Protection by antioxidants. Eur J Pharm Sci. Elsevier B.V.; 2019;127:1–8.

  40. Guo J, Tang W, Lu S, Fang Z, Tu K, Zheng M. Solubility improvement of hesperetin by using different octenyl succinic anhydride modified starches. Lwt [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2018;95:255–61. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2018.04.056

  41. Ficarra R, Tommasini S, Raneri D, Calabrò ML, Di Bella MR, Rustichelli C, et al. Study of flavonoids/β-cyclodextrins inclusion complexes by NMR, FT-IR, DSC. X-ray investigation J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2002;29:1005–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Lima B dos S, Campos C de A, da Silva Santos ACR, Santos VCN, Trindade G das GG, Shanmugam S, et al. Development of morin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: Enhancement of bioavailability, antihyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Food Chem Toxicol [Internet]. Elsevier; 2019;126:15–24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.038

  43. Frank LA, Sandri G, D’Autilia F, Contri R V, Bonferoni MC, Caramella C, et al. Chitosan gel containing polymeric nanocapsules: a new formulation for vaginal drug delivery. Int J Nanomedicine [Internet]. Dove Press; 2014 [cited 2017 Sep 15];9:3151–61. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061292

  44. Frank LA, Chaves PS, D’Amore CM, Contri R V., Frank AG, Beck RCR, et al. The use of chitosan as cationic coating or gel vehicle for polymeric nanocapsules: Increasing penetration and adhesion of imiquimod in vaginal tissue. Eur J Pharm Biopharm [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Oct 29];114:202–12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28161547

  45. Pegoraro NS, Barbieri A V., Camponogara C, Mattiazzi J, Brum ES, Marchiori MCL, et al. Nanoencapsulation of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E acetate protects against UVB radiation-induced skin injury in mice. Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Nov 10];150:32–40. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27870992

  46. Hewitt J, Dahms GH. Rheology : its effect on physical SPFs. SPC Soap, Perfum Cosmet. 1996;69.

  47. Gaspar LR, Maia Campos PMBG. Rheological behavior and the SPF of sunscreens. Int J Pharm [Internet]. Int J Pharm; 2003 [cited 2022 May 15];250:35–44. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12480271/

  48. Felippim EC, Marcato PD, Maia Campos PMBG. Development of Photoprotective Formulations Containing Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Sun Protection Factor, Physical-Mechanical and Sensorial Properties. AAPS PharmSciTech [Internet]. AAPS PharmSciTech; 2020 [cited 2022 May 15];21. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33161472/

  49. Alencar Filho JMT de, Sampaio PA, Carvalho IS de, Guimarães AL, Amariz IA e, Pereira ECV, et al. Flavonoid enriched extract of Alternanthera brasiliana with photoprotective effect: Formulation development and evaluation of quality. Ind Crops Prod. Elsevier BV; 2020;149:112371.

  50. Mayba JN, Gooderham MJ. A guide to topical vehicle formulations. J Cutan Med Surg. SAGE Publications Inc.; 2018;22:207–12.

  51. Kelmann RG, Colombo M, Nunes RJ, Simões CMO, Koester LS. Nanoemulsion-Loaded Hydrogels for Topical Administration of Pentyl Gallate. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2018;19:2672–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Das S, Das J, Paul A, Samadder A, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Apigenin, a bioactive flavonoid from Lycopodium clavatum, stimulates nucleotide excision repair genes to protect skin keratinocytes from ultraviolet b-induced reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. JAMS J Acupunct Meridian Stud [Internet]. Elsevier Korea LLC; 2013;6:252–62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jams.2013.07.002

  53. Wang J, Zhu H, Yang Z, Liu Z. Antioxidative effects of hesperetin against lead acetate-induced oxidative stress in rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013;45:395–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Divya SP, Wang X, Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Roy RV, Kim D, et al. Blackberry extract inhibits UVB-induced oxidative damage and inflammation through MAP kinases and NF-κB signaling pathways in SKH-1 mice skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2015;284:92–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2015.02.003

  55. Bowden GT. Prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer by targeting ultraviolet-B-light signalling. Nat Rev Cancer [Internet]. Nat Rev Cancer; 2004 [cited 2021 Nov 8];4:23–35. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14681688/

  56. Dröge W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev [Internet]. Physiol Rev; 2002 [cited 2021 Nov 8];82:47–95. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11773609/

  57. F’guyer S, Afaq F, Mukhtar H. Photochemoprevention of skin cancer by botanical agents. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed [Internet]. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed; 2003 [cited 2021 Nov 8];19:56–72. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12945805/

  58. Bedirli N, Bagriacik EU, Yilmaz G, Ozkose Z, Kavutçu M, Cavunt Bayraktar A, et al. Sevoflurane exerts brain-protective effects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy and memory impairment through caspase 3/9 and Bax/Bcl signaling pathway in a rat model of sepsis. J Int Med Res. SAGE Publications Ltd; 2018;46:2828–42.

  59. Pratheeshkumar P, Kuttan G. Vernolide-A, a sesquiterpene lactone from Vernonia cinerea, induces apoptosis in B16F–10 melanoma cells by modulating p53 and caspase-3 gene expressions and regulating NF-κB-mediated bcl-2 activation. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2011;34:261–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. SD S, SM M, SK K. Dietary grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit UVB-induced oxidative stress and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling in in vivo SKH-1 hairless mice. Mol Cancer Ther [Internet]. Mol Cancer Ther; 2007 [cited 2021 Nov 2];6:995–1005. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17363493/

  61. S S, M R, A P, B A, R M, SR C, et al. Molecular mechanism underlying hesperetin-induced apoptosis by in silico analysis and in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev [Internet]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev; 2013 [cited 2021 Nov 2];14:4347–52. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23992001/

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank CLQM (Center of Multi-users Chemistry Laboratories) from Federal University of Sergipe for the analysis support. The authors also thank the FAPITEC/SE and CNPq (Brazil) for their financial support.

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) [Finance Code 001].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil

    Tatianny de Araújo Andrade, Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo, Ana Amélia Moreira Lira, Saulo Santos Matos, Adriano Antunes de Souza Araujo & Mairim Russo Serafini

  2. Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil

    Luana Heimfarth, Danillo Menezes dos Santos, Márcio Roberto Viana dos Santos, Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior & Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans

  3. Health Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil

    Danillo Menezes dos Santos, Márcio Roberto Viana dos Santos, Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior, Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans, Adriano Antunes de Souza Araujo & Mairim Russo Serafini

  4. Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa–ITP, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, Brasil

    Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti de Albuquerque-Júnior & Agenor Gomes dos Santos-Neto

  5. Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

    Luiza Abrahão Frank

  6. Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada

    Thallita Kelly Rabelo

Authors
  1. Tatianny de Araújo Andrade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Luana Heimfarth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Danillo Menezes dos Santos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Márcio Roberto Viana dos Santos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti de Albuquerque-Júnior
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Agenor Gomes dos Santos-Neto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Ana Amélia Moreira Lira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Saulo Santos Matos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Luiza Abrahão Frank
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Thallita Kelly Rabelo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Adriano Antunes de Souza Araujo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Mairim Russo Serafini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

The authors’ role was based on the following criteria:

- Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work—Tatianny de Araújo Andrade, Luana Heimfarth, Danillo Menezes dos Santos, Márcio Roberto Viana dos Santos, Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti de Albuquerque-Júnior, Agenor Gomes dos Santos-Neto, Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo, Ana Amélia Moreira Lira, Saulo Santos Matos, Luiza Abrahão Frank, Thallita Kelly Rabelo, Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior, Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans, Adriano Antunes de Souza Araujo, and Mairim Russo Serafini.

- Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content—Tatianny de Araújo Andrade, Luana Heimfarth, Márcio Roberto Viana dos Santos, Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti de Albuquerque-Júnior, Agenor Gomes dos Santos-Neto, Luiza Abrahão Frank, and Mairim Russo Serafini.

- Final approval of the version to be published—Tatianny de Araújo Andrade, Luana Heimfarth, Danillo Menezes dos Santos, Márcio Roberto Viana dos Santos, Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti de Albuquerque-Júnior, Agenor Gomes dos Santos-Neto, Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo, Ana Amélia Moreira Lira, Saulo Santos Matos, Luiza Abrahão Frank, Thallita Kelly Rabelo, Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior, Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans, Adriano Antunes de Souza Araujo, and Mairim Russo Serafini.

- Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved—Tatianny de Araújo Andrade and Mairim Russo Serafini.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Tatianny de Araújo Andrade, Luiza Abrahão Frank or Mairim Russo Serafini.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

de Araújo Andrade, T., Heimfarth, L., dos Santos, D.M. et al. Hesperetin-Based Hydrogels Protect the Skin against UV Radiation-Induced Damage. AAPS PharmSciTech 23, 170 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-022-02323-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-022-02323-8

KEY WORDS

Search

Navigation