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Temperature/pH-Triggered PNIPAM-Based Smart Nanogel System Loaded With Anastrozole Delivery for Application in Cancer Chemotherapy

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Abstract

Thermo and pH-responsive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) polymer has gained interest due to microenvironment targeting potential toward cancer cells. Its exceptional potential of the phase transition at body temperature (37°C) makes it biologically relevant for drug delivery and biosensing. The optimum drug loading and particle size with controlled release at a specific site are essential for critical process parameters (CPP). This study investigates the formulation optimization anastrozole (ANST)-loaded PNIPAM nanoparticle (NPs) prepared by solvent evaporation method for pH- and thermo-responsive drug delivery. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was implemented to observe the effect of selected process parameters on quality attributes product including particle size 110.15 nm, zeta potential − 11.02 mV, PDI 0.175, and drug loading 8.35% (DL). The statistical data was found to fit in the quadratic model and p value is less than 0.005. The thermo-responsive behavior of PNIPAM is evaluated on DLS and UV-Visible spectroscopy at elevated temperature to 60°C that has shown increment in turbidity showed aggregation of the nanoparticles. The TEM and AFM revealed the spherical and smooth surface ANST-PNIPAM NPs. The formulation showed the controlled release of ANST for 48 h at pH 7.4 and triggered release at simulated tumor microenvironment pH 5.0. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the formulation is higher than free ANST and shown dose-dependent cell viability. The higher cell uptake was observed by NPs after 12-h incubation in MCF-7 cell lines using confocal microscopy. Apoptotic evaluation of ANST-PNIPAM NPs exhibited 22.67% in comparison to free ANST where 6% was analyzed on the flow cytometer.

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Funding

Financial support was from the Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP), Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India and Nanomission, India (Grant SR/NM/NS-1123/2016). The NIPER-R communication number is NIPER-R/Communication/062.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-R)-Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India

    Ajit Singh & Rahul Shukla

  2. Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase X, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India

    Kalpesh Vaishagya & Rahul K. Verma

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  1. Ajit Singh
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Correspondence to Rahul Shukla.

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Singh, A., Vaishagya, K., K. Verma, R. et al. Temperature/pH-Triggered PNIPAM-Based Smart Nanogel System Loaded With Anastrozole Delivery for Application in Cancer Chemotherapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 20, 213 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-019-1410-3

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