ABSTRACT
Until the end of a year 2014 the average water depth of offshore windfarms was 22.4 m, slightly more than in 2013, with was 20 m (EWEA 2015). The average distance to a shore was 32.9 km (30 km in 2013). Going towards deeper waters is very slow but unavoidable. The most commonly used substructures are monopoles having a share of 79% among 2488 turbines installed and connected to a grid. The gravity foundations have 10.4% share, jackets 4.7%, tripods 4.1% and tripiles account for 1.9%. Until now only one commercial installation was realized at a site of water depth of 40 m and distance to a shore about 82 km.
