ABSTRACT
Nanoarray bionanotechnology is the use of nanoscale features, spatially patterned at the length scale of biological relevance for detecting biological targets and interactions (Niemeyer and Mirkin 2004). It is a direct evolution of microarray technology in light of the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. —e microarray, sometimes called a biochip, was developed and adopted by biologists as an experimental means for probing the presence of target biomolecules and their binding events (Bier and Kleinjung 2001). It is a chip-sized substrate patterned with microscale features of biomolecules in an ordered array that biologists use for assaying the presence of complementary biomolecules (Bier and Kleinjung 2001; Hessner et al. 2006). Microarrays have signi™cantly improved the speed and sensitivity of biological assays (Craighead 2006). Features can be composed of a wide range of compounds such as DNA (Hegde et al. 2000), RNA (Hessner et al. 2006), proteins (Ekins 1998), and phospholipids (Joubert et al. 2009) that aid in the diagnosis of disease (Hessner et al. 2006), facilitate drug discovery (Debouck and Goodfellow 1999), and provide a platform to better understand the biomolecular interactions (MacBeath and Schreiber 2000).
