ABSTRACT
Principles of LiDAR remote sensing are the theoretical basis for subsequent LiDAR data acquisition, processing, and applications. They involve expertise in many fields, such as space science, computer science, earth science, machinery, and electronics. This chapter first introduces the ranging and radiation principles of LiDAR. They are expressed by the LiDAR ranging equation and the LiDAR radiative transfer equation, respectively. For LiDAR systems with different platforms (spaceborne/airborne/terrestrial LiDAR) and different methods of detection and digitization (full waveform/discrete return/photon counting), their operating principles are described as well. Finally, the influence mechanism of the external environment (i.e., atmosphere and sunlight) on the LiDAR signal is briefly introduced.
