ABSTRACT
One of the major themes in the history of Nepal has been the transmission of influences from both the north and the south into an original culture. Nepal in the late twentieth century was still surrounded by giants and still in the process of integrating its many localized economies and cultures into a nation state based on the ancient center of the Kathmandu Valley. The first survey of Nepal was conducted by the Survey of India (SOI) in 1924. The first mapping was issued by the British Military Survey and later by SOI in 1927 which was compiled from plane table and alidade surveys with a 500 ft contour interval. The topographical maps of Nepal are prepared and published in two parts: one of the Eastern Nepal and other of the Western Nepal. In both cases the ground controls for the topographical map preparation were established by GPS technique.
