ABSTRACT
“Diabetes mellitus (DM)” is a major endocrine and metabolic syndrome, due to the irregular metabolic processes. Hyperglycemic condition due to the deficiency of insulin leads to irregularities in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This hyperglycemia state arises because of lower insulin secretion or cells develops resistance against the binding of insulin on their receptors present on the membrane, or it might be the 32amalgamation of both. It was shown in the epidemiologic studies that in the world 150 million persons are suffering from diabetes and it might reach up to 300 million or more than 300 million up to 2025. Epidemiologic parameters include sedentary lifestyle, intake of high energy foods, urbanization, less physical work. It has threatened the entire world especially Asian and European countries. It was reported in the previous study that almost 10% of the population affected with diabetes reported that diabetes is affecting nearly 10% of the population in the world. Diabetes has now become the first leading cause of mortality between chronic degenerative diseases and estimated 16.7% death. In addition to hyperglycemia, it also causes hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, excessive urination (polyuria), elevation in ketone bodies (ketosis), dysfunctioning of nerves (neuropathy), damages to the nephron (nephropathy), and various heart diseases. In low-middle income countries (LMIC) about 200 million people are suffering from diabetes. There are a number of allopathic drugs available in the market to cure diabetes. But, continued utilization of these allopathic medicines cause several adverse effects, which leads to secondary complications like low blood sugar, feeling of vomiting, low blood sodium, diarrhea, headache, increase in body weight, lactic acidosis, lightheadedness, arthritis, dyspepsia. In addition to allopathic, there are various ayurvedic and plants extract available for the cure and impediment of diabetes. Therefore, the present chapter summarizes the epidemiological status, prevents measures, and various treatments available for the cure of diabetes.
