ABSTRACT
The different types of nanocellulose can be classified into cellulose microcrystal, cellulose microfibril, cellulose nanocrystal, cellulose nanofi-bril and bacterial nanocellulose as per their dimension, shape, and method of preparation. Different properties of nanocellulose such as shape, size, surface morphology, yield, and strength, depend on the composition of lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment, and preparation process parameters. Pretreatment is followed by chemical method and/or mechanical method for the preparation of nanocellulose. It has some useful properties such as high surface area to volume ratio, high aspect ratio, high elastic modulus, chemical reactivity, optical transparency, high strength, biodegradation, low thermal expansion coefficient, and good absorptivity. The development of nanocellulose from cellulose which was discovered more than 100 years ago, is a landmark in the field of pharmaceuticals, chemical, paper, automobile, electrical, oil, and ink industries.
