ABSTRACT
Bacteria that originate in infections and ailments are known as pathogenic bacteria. When they infiltrate the body, initiate replication, drive out good bacteria, or grow inside the tissues that should be sterile, they generate ailments and infections. Researchers found antibiotic compounds to be the most promising chemotherapeutic agents to cure infective disorders. In the fight against virulent bacteria, new antibiotics are regarded as “drugs of last resort.” However, it is a universal truth that new antibiotics eventually develop resistance. Over the past few decades, dangerous antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have been seen more frequently. However, antibiotic resistance is accelerated through inappropriate use and abuse of currently available antibacterial drugs in the community, vet care, and farming. Tuberculosis, gonorrhoea, pneumonia, wound infections, septicaemia, and a few of diseases like childhood ear infections have become threatening to treat with antibiotics. New medications routinely enter the market alongside existing drugs to address the resistance emerging antagonistic to antibacterial compounds. Additionally, numerous biological and pharmacological processes occurring can be studied and controlled at the nano-scale level, and credit goes to nanotechnology. Recently, antibiotics that have been modified to function as metallic nanoparticles have become a viable platform for overcoming bacterial resistance. Several applications, including targeted drug delivery, bio-sensing, and bio-imaging, are made possible by developing hybrid systems composed of nanoparticles and biological molecules. The present chapter discuss a revised classification and the role of antibacterial medicines based on a review of the literature. The principal groups are classified based on a review of the activity spectrum, top individuals in each class, type of bacteria, source, action, the chemical structure of drugs, and its function used to categorize antibacterial drug-resistant agents and recent advancements of new drug discovery.
