ABSTRACT
As fossil fuels reserves deterioration, the demand for a viable alternative feedstock for petroleum and goods for our humanity sustains to develop. In this era, lignocellulosic biomass (LB) has attained countless attention with the prospective to produce high value-added chemicals and biofuels with moderately fewer ecological and social impacts. In biorefineries, biomass valorization is the key process for producing renewable chemicals, useful materials, and petroleum resources. After the pretreatment, the process of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation can be done by consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), separately (SHF), or concurrently (SSF) with fermentation. However, during this processing, there are several obstacles, such as the release of lethal inhibitors, lower saccharification rates via enzymes, and quick and simultaneous fermentation of pentose and hexose sugars, which should be considered for effective bioconversion of biomass into biofuels. This chapter describes the significance of LB, its pretreatment methods, and the fermentation of LB hydrolysates for the production of biofuels.
