ABSTRACT
Surgical infections have always been a major complication related to surgery and trauma and have been documented for 4000–5000 years. Egyptians popularised some concepts about infection, as they were able to prevent putrefaction using their skills in mummification. Louis Pasteur recognised through his germ theory that microorganisms were responsible for infecting humans and causing disease. Streptococci form chains and are Gram positive on staining. Staphylococci form clumps and are Gram positive. Staphylococcal infections are usually suppurative and localised. Clostridial organisms are Gram-positive, obligate anaerobes that produce resistant spores. Reduced resistance to infection has several causes, particularly those that impair the inflammatory response. Infection acquired from the environment or the staff following surgery or admission to hospital is termed hospital-acquired infection.
