ABSTRACT
Nanoscience and their optoelectronics applicability is one of the emerging scientific areas in the materials science and technology. Considering this aspect, this chapter deals with an introduction of nanoscience which include different forms of nanomaterials as well as nanotechnology. Various kinds of the naturally occurring nanoforms are also described including nanomaterials historical background. A detail description on nanomaterials and their classifications including zero-, one-, three-dimension, interpretation of nanostructures, nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanolayers, and nanoporous have also been included. To describe nanomaterials synthesis, strategies such as chemical, physical, and biological approaches have been discussed. Additionally, the importance of nanomaterials and the significance of nanoscience have also been covered. The potential optoelectronic photovoltaic cells application of different kinds of nanomaterials has been described with their current status and working mechanisms, such as silicon and thin-films solar cells, multijunction solar cells, organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and quantum dots-sensitized solar cells including carbon nanotubes, grapheme, and transition metal dichalcogenides based optoelectronics applicability. At the end, shortcomings of nanomaterials have also been addressed.
