ABSTRACT
Food is a fundamental necessity of all human beings, and various microorganisms and chemical residues such as bacteria, pathogens, viruses, and residues of pesticides and fungicides are present in food, affecting the nutritional quality and safety of food. Thus, the monitoring of safety and nutritional quality of food is essential. Biosensor and nanotechnologies are being used together in many food and agricultural industries for biosafety, nanoscale, and nano-sensors for pathogen detection in processed and raw food, animals, and plants. These are helpful tools in the detection and control of potential food contaminants by the agricultural and food industries. Biosensors are used to detect chemical residues (pesticides, fungicides, urea, progesterone, etc.) microorganisms (like Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter spp., etc.), and heavy metals in various animal and agriculture produce. It allows for the competent, safe, and consistent detection and quantification of pathogenic microorganisms concerned in foodborne diseases and inorganic contaminants, like pesticides and antibiotics that threaten consumer health directly. However, the detection of some chemical and biological polluting materials in food products for human and animal consumption is still needing to be explored.
