激光增材制造高温合金材料与工艺研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00371

金属学报

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (11): 1471-1483 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00371

综述

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激光增材制造高温合金材料与工艺研究进展

孙晓峰¹, 宋巍¹^,², 梁静静¹(

), 李金国¹(

), 周亦胄¹

^1.中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心沈阳 110016
^2.中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016

Research and Development in Materials and Processes of Superalloy Fabricated by Laser Additive Manufacturing

SUN Xiaofeng¹, SONG Wei¹^,², LIANG Jingjing¹(

), LI Jinguo¹(

), ZHOU Yizhou¹

^1.Shi -Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

孙晓峰, 宋巍, 梁静静, 李金国, 周亦胄. 激光增材制造高温合金材料与工艺研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(11): 1471-1483.
Xiaofeng SUN, Wei SONG, Jingjing LIANG, Jinguo LI, Yizhou ZHOU. Research and Development in Materials and Processes of Superalloy Fabricated by Laser Additive Manufacturing[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(11): 1471-1483.

全文: PDF(3734 KB) HTML

摘要:

概述了激光增材制造技术在高温合金中的进展。介绍了增材制造高温合金的技术特点和应用、微观组织及冶金缺陷的形成机制与种类，并从激光参数以及成分设计2个方面综述了增材制造高温合金的缺陷控制方法，明确了激光工艺参数优化与成分优化的方向。最后，从工艺和材料2个方面对激光增材制造在高温合金中的未来发展趋势与研究方向进行了展望。

关键词 ：增材制造, 高温合金, 微观组织, 冶金缺陷, 工艺优化, 成分优化

Abstract：

The research and development progress of laser additive manufacturing technology in superalloys are summarized in this paper. The technical characteristics and application of additive manufacturing in superalloys, formation mechanism, and the types of microstructure and metallurgical defects are introduced in detail. Moreover, the defect control methods of additive manufacturing of superalloys are summarized from the aspects of laser parameters and composition design, and the direction of laser process parameter optimization and composition optimization is clarified. Finally, the future development trend and research direction of laser additive manufacturing in superalloys are summarized and prospected from the aspects of process optimization and material design.

Key words： additive manufacturing superalloy microstructure metallurgical defect process optimization composition optimization

收稿日期: 2021-08-31

ZTFLH:

TG665

基金资助:国家科技重大专项项目(Y2019-VII-0011-0151);国家自然科学基金项目(51771190)

作者简介: 孙晓峰，男，1964年生，研究员，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00371 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2021/V57/I11/1471

图1 增材制造示意图[17]

图2 选区激光熔化(SLM)和激光熔化沉积(LMD)技术示意图[21,22]

图3 用增材制造技术制备的高温合金零部件：MGT6100燃气轮机高温合金涡轮静叶[23]、Siemens公司SGT-400燃气轮机涡轮叶片[24]以及GE公司LEAP发动机用增材制造燃油喷嘴[12](a) MGT6100 gas turbine superalloy turbine stator[23](b) Siemens SGT-400 industrial gas turbine blade[24](c) GE's fuel nozzles for LEAP engine additive manufacturing[12]

图4 MTI公司为美国NASA旗下Johnson太空中心生产的Inconel 718部件[25]、SpaceX增材制造制备的猎鹰9号火箭氧化剂阀体[26]、以及AR1火箭发动机主喷油嘴[27]

图5 激光增材制造技术修复的高温合金单晶叶片[31](a) repaired blade (b) EBSD mapping

图6 增材制造高温合金典型的微观组织及演变[34~37](a) columnar dendrite[34](b) characteristics of the molten pool[35](c) schematic diagram of equiaxed crystal growth[36](d) schematic diagram of structure evolution (G—temperature gradient)[37]

图7 典型的增材制造高温合金组织缺陷[34,55](a) solidification crack[34](b) eutectic and liquefaction crack[34](c) solid-state crack[34](d) voids[55]

图8 增材制造高温合金裂纹形成的具体位置[65,66](a) crack on the grain boundary[65] (b) crack at the interdendritic [66] (c) transgranular crack[65]

图9 枝晶间析出相与液态裂纹处元素分布[34,69,72](a) schematic diagram of precipitation phase formation between dendrites[69] (b, c) carbide and eutectic[34] (d-g) element distributions obtained by EPMA of liquation crack[72]

图10 新型高温合金的计算设计空间以及ABD-850AM和CM247LC合金微观组织[34](a, b) strain-age cracking merit index and its relationship to γ' fraction and creep life (d, e) magnitude of freezing range in relation to γ' fraction and creep life, where strain-age cracking and creep merit contours are indicated (c, f) SEM images of as-fabricated microstructures of ABD-850AM and CM247LC, respectively

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