Abstracts from the 2nd International Conference of Science, Technology, Education, and Management (InSTEM 2023)

the highest (38.7%) number of patients compared to other age groups. Out of the nine states recorded, patients from Selangor state showed the highest (25.8%) number of patients admitted at NHI. Among all the three ethnics, Malay was higher (54.8%) followed by Indian (22.6%) and Chinese (22.6%) ethnics, respectively. The management therapy received by the patients is mostly monotherapy (45.2%), dual therapy (32.3%) and followed by triple therapy (6.5%). Cardiac catheterization was performed for all the 31 patients. Serum pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) biomarker was considered as a risk factor for VSD with PAH (522.32 ± 751.496), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (68.77 ± 19.502) mean arterial pressure (91.16 ± 13.337), and pulmonary flow/systemic flow; (Qp/Qs) (1.5 ± 0.580) were higher than the normal values. The most common monotherapy used was sildenafil (58.1%), followed by bosentan (32.2%). Conclusion : Identification of factors that affect prognosis, in particular, is crucial for preventing rapid progression. The NTproBNP, mPAP, mean arterial pressure and pulmonary flow/systemic flow play an important role in the development of VSD with PAH. Better strategies to improve awareness, screening, treatment, and management of VSD with PAH are required.

Background: High-quality assessment is necessary for continuous improvements in teaching and learning.Rasch model has been applied widely to analyse language tests.However, its use in evaluating psychometric properties of English courses focusing on communication aspects in Malaysia is limited.The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Multiple-Choice Questions part of the final examination for a college-level compulsory English course, namely Communication English.

Materials and methods:
The answers from students taking those examinations were obtained from the University's Examination Unit and analysed using Winstep.The exam paper covered 13 topics including listening effectively, conversation skills, tenses, and writing sentences across 30 items.All 326 answer forms were selected, and one student was excluded from the analysis due to a blank answer form.Results: At the instrument level, the test could be improved further.The test's person reliability (.71) and separation (1.57) point to room for improvement.The variance explained by the measure (28.1%) is below the desired cut-off point, however there is not enough evidence to show the existence of a secondary dimension.There were no floor nor ceiling effects and item difficulties targeted students' abilities fairly.At the item level, the evidence is satisfactory for the quality of the items.Outfit MNSQ ranges from .69 to 1.53 with 13 items having z-standard exceeding 2.0.Item polarity is all positive, ranging from .05 to .56.Additionally, the distractors are functioning well.Conclusion: While the individual items performed well, the way they are combined in a test needs to be revisited.More specifically, the dimensionality of the test points to the need to relook at the topics and re-examine how they contribute to the mastery of using English for communication purposes.

Background:
There is an urgent need to address the rise in mental health issues such as stress and anxiety among academicians in higher educational institutions.However, the availability of evidence-based, quick, and accessible stress and anxiety prevention programs for this population is sparse.This article discusses the development and validation of the Progressive Muscle Relaxation & Breathing Exercises (PMR+BE) Training Module for university academicians.Materials and methods: This module contains key components including an introduction to all related variables, General precautions, Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) training procedures and scripts, and PMR training with breathing exercises (PMR+BE) procedures and scripts.Both trainings comprise specific procedures involving the following muscle groups: right & left hands, right & left arms, face, neck, shoulders, stomach, back, hips and buttocks, right and left legs, and right & left feet.Results: The validation of the module was assessed by three expert panels; an associate professor in health psychology, a senior practicing clinical psychologist, and a senior academician in sports science.The validity value of the overall quality of the module content was 0.83.This article describes the content and systematic process to create and validate a practical stress and anxiety module before it is implemented in actual studies.Conclusion: Future research is needed to assess the acceptability, feasibility, utility, and efficacy of the Progressive Muscle Relaxation & Breathing Exercises (PMR+BE) training module for academicians.Its potential use in higher education institutions could be a key step towards improving the academician's mental wellbeing.
Background: In the digital age, early childhood education faces unique challenges, and the role of father figures in this context is crucial.This study explores Prophetic guidance to navigate these challenges, emphasizing their timeless relevance in shaping morally grounded children.

Materials and methods:
In this study, a qualitative research methodology was utilised, specifically library analysis, to extract relevant Prophetic teachings and traditions pertaining to the role of father figures in early childhood education.The analysis focused on locating and interpreting relevant hadiths (Prophetic sayings and actions) from Islamic literature.Results: Analysis of Prophetic traditions yielded valuable insights into the role of father figures in early childhood education within the context of the digital age.These traditions provided a theoretical and practical framework for guiding fathers in their educational responsibilities.The results underscore the significance of father figures as educational role models and their responsibilities in nurturing children's moral and ethical development in today's technologically driven society.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this study underscores the timeless relevance of Prophetic teachings in guiding father figures as they navigate the challenges of early childhood education in the digital age.The guidance provided by these traditions serves as a valuable resource for fathers seeking to fulfil their roles as educators and mentors in shaping the character and values of the next generation.By incorporating Prophetic principles into their parenting approach, fathers can play a vital role in nurturing children who are not only technologically savvy but also morally grounded.

O14
Social media usage as a predictor of materialism: a study on Malaysian University students Tiffany Puah Shu Yen, Law Mei Yui Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Correspondence: Law Mei Yui (lawmy@ tarc.edu.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O14 Background: Social media has become one of the cost-effective advertising mediums among businesses to advertise their products.These advertisements have influenced youths to make purchases with materialism being the main contributor that prompts purchasing desires.This study aims to investigate the duration of social media use per day among average university students; social media usage as a predictor of materialism; and gender differences in the duration of social media usage.Materials and methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 undergraduate students (50 males and 50 females), aged 18-26 from a private university in Kuala Lumpur, through quota and snowball samplings.A Google form survey that includes Social Media Use Questionnaires (SMUQ) and Materialism Values Scale (MVS) was administered to collect data.

Conclusion:
It is recommended that students should be extra vigilant about materialistic advertisements on social media to avoid falling into a materialistic mindset.

O15 Job insecurity and turnover intention: mediating role of trust
Rabeatul Husna Abdull Rahman 1 , Mikkay Wong Ei Leen 2 , Halimah Mohd Yusof 1 1 School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai, Malaysia; 2 Department of Business Analytics, Sunway Business School, Sunway University, Malaysia Correspondence: Rabeatul Husna Abdull Rahman (rabea tulhu sna@ utm.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O15 Background: Evidence from past studies has shown that perceptions of job insecurity led to different outcomes, including reduced commitment.The lack of job security can also possibly result in distrust towards the organization.Employees who have low trust in their organization and low job insecurity are alleged to have a higher intention to leave.This study investigates job insecurity and trust as the antecedents of turnover intention and utilizes trust as the mediator in the relationship between job insecurity and turnover intention.

Materials and methods:
The data for this study was obtained through a quantitative approach, utilizing a questionnaire survey that was disseminated through online platforms.208 employees have taken part in this cross-sectional study.The data was analysed using the PLS software.

Results:
The majority of the respondents were male (118, 56.7%), aged between 30 and 39 years old (100, 48.1%), had bachelor's degrees (113, 54.3%), earned above RM4,000 monthly (114, 54.9%), and worked in the private sector (113, 54.3%).The findings revealed a negative and significant relationship between job insecurity and trust, as well as between trust and turnover intention.Job insecurity is positively correlated with turnover intention, and trust mediated the linkage between job insecurity and turnover intention.

Conclusion:
Based on these results, it can be implied that employees are likely to leave their organizations when there is a lack of job security and low trust in the organization.

Socio-demographic forces at play: examining their impact on well-being in Malaysia
Halimah Mohd Yusof 1 , Nerisha Sarah Nur Malek 1 , Rabeatul Husna Abdull Rahman 1 , Fadillah Ismail 2 1 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; 2 Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia Correspondence: Halimah Mohd Yusof (halim ahmy@ utm.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O16 Background: The quality of an individual's life is significantly impacted by their well-being, which can be subject to influence from a range of social, demographic, and economic aspects.Within the specific setting of Malaysia, there is a notable lack of research that examines the impact of socio-demographic factors psychological and social wellbeing of its population.This can be primarily attributed to the limited availability of measures that are specifically designed to suit the unique cultural and societal characteristics of Malaysia.The primary objective of this study was to develop a thorough understanding of psychological and social well-being among the Malaysian population.

Materials and methods:
This study involved a sample size of 382 participants through snowball sampling focusing on Malaysians aged 20 and over, who were assessed on various measures related to psychological well-being, the social well-being index, and negative emotional symptoms.

Results:
The regression model showed that demographic characteristics predicted psychological, negative emotional, and social well-being.Our study concluded that several demographic characteristics affect psychological, negative emotional, and social well-being.Our research found significant relationships between household income, educational achievement, and psychological well-being.Age, number of dependents, and household income were also linked to unpleasant emotional symptoms.However, gender, education, and household income were associated with social well-being.

Conclusion:
The findings have significant consequences and provide vital insights for stakeholders responsible for developing interventions to enhance the well-being of Malaysians.The aforementioned findings underscore the importance of implementing customized interventions for persons who exhibit characteristics such as younger age, poorer educational attainment, and reduced incomes.

O17
Has leader psychologically empowered nurses?Junaidah Yusof 1 , Amalina Ibrahim 1 , Nur Indah Sukir 2 , Ana Haziqah A Rashid 1 , Nur Syafiqah A Rahim 1 , Yusma Fariza Yasin Background: COVID-19 globally impacted Malaysia's society, economic, and workflow.The hospital's main concerns were uncertainty, new working norms, and exhaustion when confronted with this situation.As most nurses in Malaysia are women, they are not just overburdened by the hospital's workload during the pandemic, but nurses also deal with family issues.Hence, it is hoped that psychological empowerment given by leaders while working in the hospital will lessen the strain on nurses.Materials and methods: This study of 461 Malaysian nurses used multi-stage cluster sampling to investigate four psychological empowerment dimensions (i.e., meaningfulness, competence, self-determination, and impact).The cluster sampling was operationalized through four stages.First, the nurse population was divided into geographical locations in Malaysia.Second, the selection of representative states for each region was used via simple random sampling.Third, the identification and selection of hospitals in each of the selected states were carried out.The fourth stage involved the selection of sample nurses in each of the selected hospitals.This study was sponsored under Matching Grant UTM and UNAIR (Reference No: PY/2021/02555).

Results:
The findings indicate that all four dimensions of psychological empowerment are at an average level, including meaningfulness (M=4.73),competence (M=4.69),self-determination (M=4.39), and impact (M=4.27).Conclusion: A leader's empowerment behaviour is a cause of an employee's perception of psychological empowerment.This means that a leader who promotes authority delegation and the development of employees' abilities increases employees' psychological empowerment at work.Therefore, the findings could help human resource professionals understand how psychological empowerment affects hospital workflow.

O18 Building a resilient workforce: the relationship between employer branding and employee retention
Ong Yee Hwa, Nur Syafiqah A Rahim, Mas Idayu Saidi, Ana Haziqah A Rashid, Junaidah Yusof, Amalina Saidi, Irza Hanie Abu Samah School of Human Resources Development & Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia Correspondence: Nur Syafiqah A Rahim (nursy afiqa harah im@ utm.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O18 Background: As businesses may face fierce competition to hire or retain talented and competent individuals to achieve organisational goals, employee retention is a crucial subject at present.With the rise of remote work, organizations have had to adapt their employer branding strategies to appeal to remote or hybrid workforces.Hence, understanding how remote work impacts employee retention and how employer branding can support this shift is an evolving area of research.

Materials and methods:
This study has utilised quantitative methods through the distribution of questionnaires to 200 employees in one manufacturing company in Malaysia.The questionnaire used to measure factors in employer branding and employee retention was adopted and consisted of 34 items.Inferential statistics (Pearson Correlation) were employed to investigate the relationship between both variables.Results: The findings show that out of five dimensions only four dimensions of employer branding have a positive relationship towards employee retention which are healthy work atmosphere (p=0.000),training and development (p=0.000),ethics and corporate social responsibility (p=0.000) and compensation and benefits (p=0.000).Only the dimension of work-life balance did not have any relationship to employee retention.Conclusion: Organizations that invest in creating and nurturing a compelling employer brand are not only better positioned to attract top talent but also to retain and empower their workforce, leading to increased loyalty, satisfaction, and ultimately, a more resilient and successful organization.

O19 Religious compliance among Muslim women entrepreneurs in the health product industry in Malaysia
Yusma Fariza Yasin 1 , Nur Syafiqah A Rahim 1 , Nur Indah Sukir 2 , Ana Haziqah A Rashid 1 , Amalina Ibrahim 1 , Junaidah Yusof 1 , Mas Idayu Saidi 1 1 School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia; 2 International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Correspondence: Nur Syafiqah A Rahim (nursy afiqa harah im@ utm.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O19 Background: Muslim women entrepreneurs who work on health products undoubtedly face a variety of difficulties and must overcome all barriers in the commercial sector.Nevertheless, the difficulty of becoming a prosperous Muslim businessperson is not only measured in terms of the amount of money made from the business but also in terms of the necessity to uphold Islamic principles.Materials and methods: Interviews with ten Muslim women business owners who produce health goods in Malaysia were conducted for this paper.The interviews were semi-structured.The chosen interviewees must be Muslim women business owners.

Results:
The findings indicate that Muslim women business owners in Malaysia who work on health products regularly incorporate their religion into their daily lives.Among the rituals observed are the following: performing five obligatory daily prayers; paying zakat; fasting throughout the month of Ramadan; performing the Hajj to Mecca once in a lifetime for those who are able; and practising asceticism in daily life by observing the "amar makruf" and "nahi munkar".Conclusion: It has been established through some activities that all interviewees also include religious observance in their daily lives.This demonstrates that despite their hectic schedules, they continue to fulfil their duties as the caliphs of Allah SWT on a daily basis.

O20
Enhancing social support management strategies to mitigate turnover intention among employees in the retail industry Leong Pui Yee, Mas Idayu Saidi, Ana Haziqah A Rashid, Amalina Ibrahim, Junaidah Yusof, Nur Syafiqah A Rahim, Yusma Fariza Yasin, Mohamed Ayyub Hassan School of Human Resources Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia Correspondence: Ana Haziqah A Rashid (anaha ziqah@ utm.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O20 Background: A high turnover rate in Malaysia, especially in the food and retail industries creates several issues, such as a lack of competent staff, reduced productivity, money loss due to competition, and expensive hiring and training expenses.Since employees are one of the most valuable resources, many organizations are actively looking for ways to reduce employee turnover including considering better social support.Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the relationship between social support and turnover intention among retail employees.Materials and methods: The data for this paper was collected using a self-administered questionnaire involving 104 employees at one retail industry located in Kuala Lumpur.The data collected were analysed using SPSS.Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the demographic profiles of respondents and the level of social support and turnover intention.ANOVA was adopted to identify the difference between years of working experience and turnover intention while Pearson Correlation was used to examine the relationship between social support and turnover intention.Results: The findings show that the level of turnover intention in Company X was at a moderate level.The results indicated that there is a significant difference between years of working experience and turnover intention in Company X.Meanwhile, Pearson Correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant but negative relationship between social support and turnover intention.Conclusion: These findings highlighted the perception of employees towards different dimensions of social support and how it can affect their intention to leave the organization.

O21
Analyzing the relationship of digital literacy on manufacturing employee performance in Malaysia Dayang Siti Maisyarah, Ana Haziqah A Rashid, Mas Idayu Saidi, Amalina Ibrahim, Nur Syafiqah A Rahim, Junaidah Yusof, Yusma Fariza Yasin School of Human Resources Development & Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia Correspondence: Mas Idayu Saidi (masid ayu@ utm.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O21 Background: Industrial Revolution 4.0 has indicated the beginning of changes in all industries due to technological improvements.The use of technology in the workplace is expected to increase at a faster speed with the advent of digital technology expecting employees with high digital literacy.Yet, many employees have difficulty coping with and keeping up with technical expertise to complete their work.The lack of digital literacy might affect the employees' performance.Hence, it is significant to investigate the relationship between digital literacy and employee performance among manufacturing employees in Malaysia.Methods: This study has utilised a quantitative research design with a convenient sampling approach.A total of 85 questionnaires were distributed among employees in administrative positions within a manufacturing company based in Malaysia.The questionnaire used to measure employee digital literacy and performance was adopted and consisted of 46 items.Descriptive (Mean) and inferential statistics (Spearman Correlation) were employed to investigate the relationship between both variables.Results: The findings highlight a high level of digital literacy (M=3.97) and a high level of employee performance (M=4.01)among Malaysian manufacturing company's employees.The findings showed a positive and strong relationship between digital literacy and employee performance among manufacturing employees r=0.749 (p<0.001).

Conclusion:
Overall, this research underscores the significance of an employee's digital literacy skills in shaping their performance, particularly within the manufacturing industry in Malaysia.Thus, the findings could assist the employers in manufacturing industry in enhancing the digital literacy skills of their employees to maximize employee performance.

Background:
The primary goal of this review paper is to discuss various aspects of using ion exchange resins to disguise the taste of bitter medications.Ion exchange resin complexes, which may be made from both acidic and basic medicines, have received a lot of attention and are now commercially available.Materials and methods: Salts of cationic and anionic exchange resins are insoluble complexes in which bound drug ions are exchanged with ions ordinarily present in bodily fluids, resulting in drug release.Ion exchange resins are employed for a variety of drug delivery and therapeutic applications due to their versatility.Polymers with properly substituted acidic groups, such as carboxylic and sulfonic for cation exchangers, or basic groups, such as quaternary ammonium for anion exchangers, are employed as resins.For taste masking, synthetic ion exchange resins have been utilized in pharmacy and medicine.Results: The bitterness of pharmaceutical medicines is important for patient compliance since bitter drugs' oral administration is sometimes hampered which leads to non-compliance.IER is one of the most often used methods for disguising the taste of bitter medications.Depending on the nature of the medicine, weak cation exchange or weak anion exchange resins are employed to conceal the taste.The drug resin compound is completely tasteless and has no aftertaste, yet its bioavailability is unaffected.
Background: Mercaptopurine is a medication in the class of purine antagonists.The medication is used in the management and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Mercaptopurine is a value agent in managing and treating leukemias and inflammatory autoimmune disorders.An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties.It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.

Materials and methods:
The objective of this study is to identify the mechanism of action and administration of mercaptopurine, describe the potential adverse effects of mercaptopurine, review the appropriate monitoring for patients on mercaptopurine, summarize the interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to advance mercaptopurine and improve outcomes.Results: This article will highlight the discovery & further history, physical & chemical properties, pharmacokinetic characteristics, mechanism of action, method of synthesis, medicinal uses, adverse effects, treatment of overdose, contraindications, interaction, conventional marketed formulation, novel marketed formulation, patents other key factors (e.g., off-label uses, dosing, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, monitoring, relevant interactions).

Conclusion:
This study is pertinent for healthcare professionals and students to indicate the usage of mercaptopurine for the welfare of the patients.

O28 Role of flavonoids in the improvement and protection of ulcerative colitis and gastro-toxicity
Monisha Jayaprakash 1 , Jayashree Venugopal 2 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Vels Institute of Science and Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; 2 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Vels Institute of Science and Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence: Monisha Jayaprakash (monis ha.sps@ velsu niv.ac.in) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O28 Background: Ulcerative Colitis is characterized by mucosal inflammation initiating in the rectum.Since ancient times herbal natural therapies have been practiced worldwide for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.Medical therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) was limited to corticosteroids.Treatment of UC remains challenging due to the limited effectiveness and severe side-effects of the currently available drugs.Flavonoids due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties exhibit gastroprotective effects against UC.The present study involves research on flavonoids which act as muco-protective and have been reported to show gastro-protective activity in UC therapy.

Materials and methods:
The main constituent used is flavonoids along with gelling-agents, mannitol, sucrose, citric acid, and honey.The chewable gummy tablets were prepared through the Heating and Congealing method and then their physical characters were analysed.Results: Prepared formulations of flavonoids using gelling agents have unique shapes, tastes and pleasing appearance.A higher gelling agent concentration has higher mechanical strength and, as a result, less elastic texture.Conclusion: CGTs developed using gelling-agents are considered optimal formulations and provide a better texture which acts as a gastroprotective agent and aids in gastro-toxicity.

O29 RP-HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of metformin and Evogliptin by DoE approach
Ajith Uthrapathi, Sudha Thomas Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advance studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence: Sudha Thomas (tsudha.sps@ velsu niv.ac.in) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O29 Background: Quality by Design technique, experimental design (DoE) is the process of organizing experiments to ensure that the necessary information is gathered as effectively and precisely as feasible.A risk assessment study was performed, followed by a factor screening study using a fractional factorial design (FFD).Subsequently, factor optimization was conducted using a central composite design (CCD), with organic phase composition in mobile phase, Buffer pH and flow rate ratio as the critical method parameters (CMPs).Tailing factor (TF), Resolution (Rs 1,2 ) and retention time (Rt 1) were selected as the critical analytical attributes (CAAs).In order to get the optimal solution, Polynomial modelling was performed, then followed by numerical and graphical optimization.
Methods: Chromatographic separation was conducted using Phenomenex ODS column C 18 (250 mm 4.6 mm, 5.0) as stationary phase, the mobile phase composition of Acetonitrile (ACN) and ammonium acetate buffer (10 mM, pH 10.2) in the ratio of 65:35% v/v, flow rate of 1.2mL/min, column oven temperature of 40 °C and UV detection at 227 nm.Results: Retention times were 2.37 min and 9.01 min for Metformin and Evogliptin, respectively.The method was found to be linear in the range of 50-250 μg/mL (R 2 >0.9995) and 0.5-2.5μg/mL(R 2 >0.9994) for Metformin and Evogliptin respectively.The system suitability test parameters, tailing factor and theoretical plates, were found to be within the limit.The assay was found to be 100.12± 0.22% and 100.23±1.23 respectively.The method validation parameters were within the prescribed limit as per ICH guidelines.Conclusion: Central Composite Design optimized chromatographic conditions by assessing interactions and quadratic effects of key factors on three chosen responses.Models for screening and optimization were highly significant, affirming method predictability.This simple, accurate, and robust method effectively analyzes Metformin and Evogliptin in both bulk and pharmaceutical forms with high selectivity.

O30 A brief review of the development and validation of analytical methods
Ajeeth Kumar Thiyagarajan, Shanmugasundaram Palani Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advance studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence: Shanmugasundaram Palani (dean.sps@ velsu niv.ac.in) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O30 Background: The creation of analytical techniques helps to comprehend the critical process factors and lessens their influence on precision and accuracy.Designing analytical methods that adhere to GMP and GLP requirements requires using the processes and acceptance criteria defined in ICH standards Q2 (R1).The steps involved in method development include defining the analytical method objectives, conducting a literature review, developing a method plan, optimizing the method, validating the method, transferring the method, and sample analysis.The method development involves the process of Wet Analysis, Chromatographic Analysis and Spectroscopical Analysis.The process of developing an analytical method entails setting up a variety of experimental circumstances for the analysis of chemical samples.The chemical components in drug products designed for commercial manufacturing can be identified, separated, quantified, and studied using developed analytical procedures.Materials and methods: Feasibility, Development, and Validation were applied in this method to narrate the review.Results: The development of analytical approaches facilitates understanding of the crucial process variables and reduces their impact on precision and accuracy.The procedures and acceptance standards outlined in ICH standards Q2 (R1) must be used when creating analytical methods that correspond to GMP and GLP regulations.

Conclusion:
The development of analytical methods aids in understanding the crucial process variables and reduces their impact on precision and accuracy.The procedures and acceptance criteria outlined in the ICH standards Q2 (R1) must be utilised to design analytical methods, which should be employed following GMP and GLP requirements.The influence that the procedures have on out-of-spec rates and process capability needs to be measured and analysed once they have been designed, qualified, and validated to determine their efficacy for future use.

O31 Effect of Apium graveolens stalk extract on the phagocytosis of Candida albicans by Polymorphonuclear Cells (PMNs) in vitro
Job Matthew Abasola, Mary Angeline Jacildone, Leann Faith Bugaling, Emily Cres Esteban, Maria Daniella Amon Department of Medical and Technology, University of Baguio, Baguio, Benguet, Philippines Correspondence: Job Matthew Abasola (20181 698@s.ubagu io.edu) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O31 Background: Flavonoids are known to increase the phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs).This study utilised celery, Apium graveolens, which is known to be highly concentrated with flavonoids.The phagocytic activity of PMNs combined with different concentrations of the stalk extract of celery was measured through their phagocytic indexes.Materials and methods: The study followed a quantitative experimental design.The study utilised a micro method which estimates the killing and phagocytosis of Candida albicans by human PMNs developed by Wood & White.This method involved mixing equal amounts (10μL) of the different concentrations (100%, 70%, 50%) of the stalk extract, buffy coat, and C. albicans into tubes.A smear was then made and stained with Wright's stain.200 cells were then counted.The phagocytic index formula was used to compute the phagocytic activity.Kruskal Wallis test was used to analyze the data.Ethical clearance was obtained and approved.Formula: Phagocytic index = (PMNs with intracellular C. albicans/extracellular C. albicans) x (PMNs with intracellular C. albicans/ total PMNs counted) x 100.Results: The findings showed that the effect of 100% pure crude showed the highest mean phagocytic index of 30.87, which is higher than the control (no extract) having a 6.39 phagocytic index, preceded by the 50% crude extract (phagocytic index= 24.08) and the 70% ethanol solvent (phagocytic index= 28.21).The results showed an increasing effect on the phagocytosis of C. albicans by PMNs in vitro upon adding Apium graveolens extract, thereby enhancing phagocytic activity.The presence of flavonoids in celery has an increasing effect on phagocytic activity.The PMNs in the 70% ethanol solvent group had higher C. albicans, evidenced by the fact that the PMNs seemed more deeply stained and included more stained C. albicans cells.

Conclusion:
Comparing the effects of the various concentrations of Apium graveolens stalk extract on the phagocytosis of C. albicans, the results indicated no significant differences (p-value =0.276).The different concentrations of the extract enhanced the phagocytic activity of the PMNs.Still, there is no significant difference between the different concentrations of the extract regarding their effect on phagocytic activity.

O32
In-vitro anti diabetic potency of ethanolic extract of leaves of Vitex negundo L. Karthick Raja Devendran, Chandru Ganesh, Gandhimathi Retnasamy School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence: Karthick Raja Devendran (drgma thiph arm20 17@ gmail.com) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O32 Background: Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose).Glucose is an important source of energy for the cells that make up the muscles and tissues.It is also the brain's main source of fuel.The current investigation aims to explore the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity in the leaves of Vitex negundo Linn.The objective of the study is to extract the phytoconstituents from the leaves of Vitex negundo by Soxhlet extraction with ethanol and to perform the Anti-Oxidant Estimation by DPPH method.Besides, the study performs the assay of α-Amylase Inhibition, α-glucosidase Inhibition in-vitro studies and glucose uptake studies.

Materials and methods:
The Vitex negundo leaves (1kg) were dry and so pulverized.The powder was prepared by grinding.The methods used for extraction by Soxhlet apparatus.Results: The powdered sample was successfully extracted with ethanol using Soxhlet extractor.About 1.02% yield was obtained in the given leaves of Vitex negundo Linn.The highest tested concentration was 0.5mg of crude extract and it showed 92.4% inhibition against DPPH free radical.

Background:
The increasing cases of Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) have raised significant public health concerns worldwide.The emergence of new strains made management and treatment more difficult.Materials and methods: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) technology was employed to map genes associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and to identify multilocus sequence types (MLST).Twenty-nine strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients in three private hospitals in Manila, Philippines, were sequenced, and their AMR genes and MLST were mapped to 401 published genomes of strains originating from Asian countries with similar studies.Results: The WGS analysis of strains of P. aeruginosa revealed the distinct distribution of AMR genes belonging to OXA and PDC, having 17 and 34 variants, respectively.The study revealed higher rates of the following variants: OXA186, OXA50, OXA488, OXA846, OXA494 and PDC8, PDC1, PDC35, PDC11, PDC3.Furthermore, eight biocidalresistant genes were identified, namely Mex, Tri, Opm, Opr, PmpM, YajC, Par and sox.Mex variants were the most frequent (n=12) in comparison to Tri variants (n=3) and Opm variants (n=3).The MLST identified 21 novel STs and seven known STs: ST3753 (n=2) from hospital A, five STs from hospital B (ST357, ST1822, ST312, ST111 and ST389), and ST 175 (n=2) from hospital C. By integrating the MLST studies, 177 novel STs and 37 known STs were identified.Among 177 novel STs, 96 are multi-allelic at locus trpE, with alleles 7 and 321, respectively.

Conclusion:
There is no evidence of the prevalence of high-risk clones; however, the high-level genetic diversity will facilitate the acquisition and spread of strains carrying AMR and biocidal-resistant genes, a major public health risk.

Background:
The present study aims to formulate and characterize green marine drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation technique.It improves solubility and bioavailability, reduces toxicity, enhances release and provides better formulation.Materials and method: Nanoparticles containing green marine drug were prepared by Nanoprecipitation where the drug and Chitosan are dissolved in 20 mL of acetone.This organic phase is quickly injected into the aqueous phase containing 40 mL of either 1% or 2% w/v of Pluronic F68/PVA solution with moderate magnetic stirring at room temperature.The organic phase to aqueous phase ratio was 1:2.The polymeric Nanoparticles are spontaneously formed and turned the solution slightly turbid.Then, acetone is removed by continuous stirring for 3-4 hrs.

Results:
The polymers were found to be compatible with the chosen marine drug.The particle size of nanoparticles was 190nm, and the PDI ranged from 0 to 1.The Zeta potential of the formulations showed negative zeta potential (-25mV to -29mV).The drug content was 86.75%, and the entrapment efficiencies at 76.48%.

Conclusion:
The green marine drug-loaded nanoparticle was prepared through the nanoprecipitation method, and the formulation of 1:1 drug-to-polymer ratio showed satisfactory results in the mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and loading efficiency, and entrapment efficiency.FTIR study concluded that there was no interaction between the drug and polymers.

O38 Extraction of polyphenols from Vitis vinifera and comparative study of antioxidant, antifungal and antimicrobial activity
Hema Pachamuthu, Gandhimathi Retnasamy Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence: Gandhimathi Retnasamy (drgma thiph arm20 17@ gmail.com) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O38 Background: The present study aims to extract the polyphenols from Vitis vinifera and determine the antioxidant activity, antifungal and antimicrobial activity of the natural polyphenols.Materials and methods: The grape seed extract was prepared from Vitis vinifera seeds.The phytochemical constituents and the total phenolic hydrogen compound and also flavonoids were assessed using reagent Folin Ciocalteu, Shinoda test and NaOH method respectively.The antioxidant property of the extract was evaluated by using the nitric oxide scavenging method.The antifungal activity of the extract was determined by using a well diffusion method.The diluted fungal solutions of 15μl, 20μl, and 25μl were poured over the media to spread uniformly on the surface.The surface was little dried wells of 8mm were punched in the agar with stainless steel borer and filled with 5μl,10μl and 15μl plant extracts.The control wells containing solvents (negative control) were also run parallel in the same plate.The plates were incubated at 28°C for 72 hours and the antifungal activity was assessed by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition at the interval of 24 hours.The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains by observing the zone of inhibition.Results: The quantification was determined by the colorimetric method.Our extract contains phenolic hydroxyl flavonoids so we estimated by using FC reagent.The  max of our colorimetry studies was 656nm.We quantified the Quercetin by colorimetric curve and the amount present in 1gm of skin and seed was estimated by solvent extraction method.Conclusion: From the comparative studies the extract from Vitis vinifera inhibits the growth of Aspergillus niger during antifungal activity and also shows the antioxidant property with Griess reagent.However, it shows minimal inhibition against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

O39 An overview on Niraparib -an anti-cancer drug
Poojah Aravamudhan, Afroz Patan Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence: Afroz Patan (afroz.sps@ velsu niv.ac.in) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O39 Background: One of the leading global causes of illness and mortality is cancer.The unchecked expansion of aberrant cells within the body is known as cancer.The most common gynaecologic malignancy among women worldwide is ovarian cancer.The recommended course of treatment for newly discovered advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is systemic platinum-taxane combination chemotherapy along with surgical cytoreduction.Materials and methods: An oral, highly particular PARP-1 & PARP-2 inhibitor called niraparib has been licensed for use as adjuvant therapy in people with repetitive ovarian cancer who have shown favourable reactions to platinum-based chemotherapy.Niraparib is an extremely small-sized inhibitor of poly ADP ribose polymerase 1&2 (PARP inhibitors) that is used to treat adult patients with ovarian cancer.In individuals who are only partially responding to platinum-based chemotherapy, it is also used to cure primary fallopian tube cancer and peritoneal cancer.Results: Both victims with BRCA-mutated malignancies and those without BRCA mutations have demonstrated the efficacy of niraparib.Niraparib kills cells by causing many irreversible double-stranded breaks with the Breast Cancer Susceptibility Protein (BRCA) type 1&2 alterations.Uninfected cells don't duplicate DNA as frequently as cancer cells do, so patients are able to beat cancer.Conclusion: Niraparib side effects include constipation, fatigue, and vomiting, lowered platelet as well as lowered neutrophil count.Because side effects are typically predictable in terms of their onset, duration, and degree, there is no association between the presence of side effects and niraparib's efficacy.

O40 A review on analytical method development and validation of estimated Capmatinib
Harishini Sriram, Gandhimathi Retnasamy Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence: Gandhimathi Retnasamy (drgma thiph arm20 17@ gmail.com) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O40 Background: The first FDA-approved medicine for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer cells with particular mutations (resulting in a mesenchymal-epithelial junction, such as exon 14 MET skipping), capmatinib, is available today.Materials and methods: This work categorizes a new fast, precise, and accurate analytical technique for detecting capmatinib in the majority and undefinable levels of pharmaceutical items.The provision of solutions like development benefits greatly from analytical procedures.Results: The numerous analytical techniques that are most frequently used to pinpoint typical supply issues will be described in this article along with a classification scheme.For the majority of pharmaceutical medications and preparations, pharmaceutical analysis plays a distinctive function in quality assurance and internal control.Conclusion: Several countries around the world have seen tremendous development in the pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

O41
A systematic research review on controlled drug delivery systemosmotic drug delivery system Theetchanya Sankaran, Vaheeda Rehman, Shanmugasundaram Palani School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence: Theetchanya Sankaran (theet chany asank aran04@ gmail.com) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O41 Background: Drugs are known to be released immediately by conventional drug delivery systems, making it impossible to control the release of the drug and to keep an effective concentration at the target site for an extended period.Drug release can be spatially controlled with the use of controlled drug delivery systems.The most promising technologies for regulated drug administration are osmotic pumps.Both oral delivery and implantable utilise these technologies.Materials and methods: Osmotic pumps have an inner core with a semipermeable membrane coating that houses osmogens and medicines.As the volume of the core rises as a result of the water absorption, the medication solution is driven out through the delivery ports.Osmotic pumps release drugs at a pace independent of the hydrodynamics and pH of the dissolving solution.The development of the push-pull system, the Rose-Nelson pump, the Higuchi-Leeper pump, the Alzet and Osmet system, as well as the basic osmotic pump are all part of the history of osmotic systems.Results: Osmotic drug delivery systems ensure precise, controlled drug release, improving patient compliance and reducing side effects by maintaining consistent drug levels in the body over an extended period.

Conclusion:
To get around the drawbacks of conventional dosage forms, modified versions of such forms have been produced.Known as controlled-release medication delivery systems, the updated versions.Osmotic pumps are a common choice and are used to regulate medication delivery release among the many controlled-release systems.The osmotic pressure principle underlies this system, as is covered in this systematic review.

O42 A case of small bowel neuroendocrine tumour disguised as an ileocecal intussusception
Janani Sai Ganapathy, Govardhanan Krishnaswamy, Ravi Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence: Janani Sai Ganapathy (janan isaig anapa thy@ gmail.com) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O42 Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) previously known as carcinoid tumors occur throughout the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the appendix, ileum and rectum in decreasing order of frequency.They represent a rare slow-growing neoplasm of predominantly neuroendocrine origin with non-specific characteristics thereby stumping the surgeons without pointing towards a straightforward diagnosis.Most gastrointestinal NETs are <1 cm in diameter and about 2% of these are associated with metastasis.In this case report, a small bowel neuroendocrine tumor, reiterates the diagnostic riddle that NETs pose for surgeons as most cases are diagnosed post operatively with pathological confirmation backing the diagnosis.Materials and methods: A 50-year-old male presented to the casualty department with abdominal pain, vomiting, and inability to tolerate solid and liquid diet suggesting intestinal obstruction.This was radiologically proved with a CECT abdomen, which showed an ileocecal intussusception with terminal ileal wall thickening and a calcified mesenteric node mass.The patient undergoes an emergency laparotomy.With intraoperative findings showing an ileocecal mass and a calcified mesenteric node, the procedure opted for was right hemicolectomy with ileostomy and mucous fistula.Informed consent has been obtained from the patient.Results: Post-operatively the resected bowel with mass was sent for histopathological examination where the pathologists determined and reported the mass to be a G1 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumour with pathological staging of pT4N1Mx.Following surgery, the patient was followed up with chemotherapy with Capecitabine and 5 Fluorouracil.

Conclusion:
NETs have the best prognosis of all gastrointestinal malignancies whether the disease is localized or metastatic.Surgical resection of a NET localized to its primary site approaches a 100% survival rate.Patients with metastatic disease are treated with somatostatin analogs and in case of disease progression despite somatostatin analogs, Peptide receptor radionucleotide therapy is initiated.Patients with both localized and metastatic disease are on longterm surveillance of up to 10 years as the disease is slow-growing.

O43
Unlocking the power: crafting, analyzing, and unveiling the anticancer potential of mucuna pruriens seeds hydroalcoholic extract Sabbathyan Balla, Sumithra Mani Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence: Sabbathyan Balla (sabba thyan balla@ gmail.com) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O43 Background: Cancer, a leading global cause of death with over 277 types, presents treatment challenges due to multi-drug resistance and cytotoxicity in conventional therapies.Nanoparticles (NPs) offer promise in cancer treatment, boasting advantages like biocompatibility, precise targeting, and reduced toxicity.Materials and methods: Mucuna pruriens seeds were hydroalcoholically extracted, revealing 42 bioactive compounds, including naringenin.Naringenin was then incorporated into platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) using a green synthesis approach.Results: Formulation F4, containing 100 mg naringenin and 2.0 mM chloroplatinic acid, was optimized, yielding 16 nm PtNPs.In vitro assays confirmed its anti-cancer activity, while in vivo experiments on mice demonstrated safety and efficacy against liver carcinoma.Conclusion: Naringenin-loaded PtNPs hold promise as a safe and effective anti-cancer agent, providing new avenues for cancer therapy.

O44 Review on determination of concentration of venetoclax using analytical technique
Surya Suresh, Sumithra Mani Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advance studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence: Sumithra Mani (sumit hra.sps@ velsu niv.ac.in) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O44 Background: Venetoclax has emerged as a breakthrough for the treatment of leukemia with a wide interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics.Herein, a rapid, sensitive, and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of venetoclax in plasma was developed and validated.

Materials and methods:
The method was operated in the multiplereaction monitoring (MRM) mode to detect venetoclax at m/z transition 868.5 > 321.0 and IS at 875.5 > 321.0, respectively.Protein precipitation prior to injection into the LC-MS/MS and the analyte was separated on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column by gradient elution with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water.Linear calibration curves were obtained in the range of 25-8000 ng/mL.The specificity, recovery, matrix effect, and stability also met the acceptance criteria of FDA guidance.The method was successfully applied to analyze plasma in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.

Results:
The peak plasma concentration (C max ) of venetoclax in Chinese AML patients was 2966.0 ± 1595.0 ng/mL while the trough concentration (C min ) was 1018.0 ± 729.4 ng/mL.Additionally, C max and C min showed a positive correlation with AST levels.Furthermore, C max was significantly higher in the older patients.

Conclusion:
The present method can be applied for type 2 diabetes of venetoclax in the treatment of hematological cancers.

O45
A high-grade malignant tumour in a paediatric proximal humerusconundrums involved in the management-a case report Sriman Narayan Madan Mohan, Tarun Prashanth, Thirunthaiyan Manickam Ramachandran, Dorai Kumar Raja Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence: Sriman Narayan Madan Mohan (sriman.gunne r06@ gmail.com) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O45 Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor affecting the long bones of all age groups.The following is a case report of an adolescent diagnosed with the same, treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection and custom mega prosthesis application.Materials and methods: A 12-year-old girl presented with right arm pain and swelling progressively increasing in size.She was clinically and radiologically diagnosed with Proximal Humerus mixed lytic sclerotic lesion which was confirmed to be a high-grade Osteoblastic variant of Osteosarcoma of Right Proximal Humerus on CT-guided biopsy with features suggestive of Osteosarcoma NOS-Osteoblastic variant, with no active secondaries on PET-CT.She underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by surgical excision of mass and reconstruction of the proximal humerus using a custom mega prosthesis.Informed consent has been obtained from the guardian of the patient.

Results:
The patient underwent two cycles of chemotherapy, followed by surgical excision of the proximal humerus mass with a 4cm wide safe margin, and reconstruction using custom mega endoprosthesis.Soft Tissue reconstruction was done with Mesh and Suture anchors.The patient was given postoperative rehabilitation and continued on neoadjuvant chemotherapy cycles.During the follow-up period, 3 months post-surgery, the patient resumed going to school, and started activities like drawing and writing with her right hand.Conclusion: Following clinical evaluation, MRI plays a significant role in describing the lesion's extent and plan for surgical management.Histopathological examination of the tumor from intra-operative resection was graded-ypT1 ypN, high-grade osteosarcoma with margins free of tumor.For high-grade Osteogenic Sarcoma, a combination of surgical resection along with multiagent chemotherapy is crucial.Treatment options include Limb Salvage Surgery-wide tumor resection and proximal humerus reconstruction with Custom Mega prosthesis, allograft, allograft-prosthesis composite with shoulder arthroplasty, reverse shoulder hemiarthroplasty and postoperative chemotherapy with concurrent rehabilitation is vital.

O46
Teaching-learning experiences in Labster: the allied medical degree programs in focus Adelle N. Sanchez University of Baguio, Baguio, Philippines Correspondence: Adelle N. Sanchez (adell esanc hez@e.ubagu io.edu) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O46 Background: The high fidelity of the Labster laboratory simulation has been a good tool for conducting laboratory courses online.It simulates a real laboratory setting complete with equipment and procedures.This feature enables learners to experience the real-world laboratory set-up which will be useful in their hybrid flexible learning and face-to-face learning.The use of this simulation enables learners to achieve the cognitive, affective, psychomotor, and laboratory skills needed in the Biochemistry course.

Materials and methods:
A retrospective one-shot case study and phenomenological research design was used to investigate the impact of Labster on the Allied Medical Degree Programs of the University of Baguio.The participants included 95 students from Medical Laboratory Science, Physical Therapy, Dentistry, and Nursing students as well as 3 Biochemistry instructors.Results: Results showed that most of the skills are enhanced with the introduction and use of the simulation in online classes such as affective, psychomotor and laboratory skills.However, the respondents had low cognitive skills.Some challenges were encountered in the use of the simulation such as the needed specs for gadgets to be able to run the simulation, limited internet connectivity, use of the simulation, and inability for the cartridges to be downloaded so that it would be incorporated into the learning management system.Instructors addressed the impediments in the use of the simulation by allowing learners to view videos that are close to Labster and are thoroughly discussed during synchronous classes.Conclusion: Labster laboratory simulation is a good tool in online laboratory classes however, it should also be tweaked into user and gadget-friendly applications so that learners from progressing countries can make use of it.

O47
The neck posture practices among University of Baguio BSPT and BSMLS students during distance learning Hazel Mang-osan, Crystal Agbalog, Krystal Balabbo, Kyra Battuing, Nadine Gomez, Jeffrey Salonga University of Baguio, Baguio, Philippines Correspondence: Hazel Mang-osan (20190 891@s.ubagu io.edu) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):O47 Background: The implementation of quarantine protocols caused all educational activities to move to online platforms.Consequently, complaints of musculoskeletal disorders such as neck pain have been rising due to the continuous use of electronic gadgets throughout the day.This study aimed to determine the extent of neck posture practices among the University of Baguio BSPT and BSMLS students during distance learning; and determine the significant difference in the extent of neck posture practices according to sex, duration of class, and types of gadgets used.Materials and methods: A quantitative descriptive design was utilised.A total of 219 students participated using an online self-administered questionnaire.Weighted mean was used to determine the general neck posture practices, ANOVA to determine significant differences between the duration of the class and the type of gadgets, and t-test to examine the differences between male and female neck posture practices.Results: Results showed that the respondents rarely practice the neck posture practices.T-tests for the two sexes revealed that the extent of neck posture practices of 186 female participants compared to 33 male participants demonstrated a non-significant difference.Findings in the ANOVA showed that there was also no significant difference in the duration of classes and the type of gadget used.

Conclusion:
The results of the study demonstrate that students rarely perform neck posture practices despite being aware of the proper ergonomics.Regardless of the sex, duration of the class, and type of gadgets used by the students, the majority are prone to musculoskeletal discomforts as a result of the infrequent practice of proper neck postures.
Background: Cycling as a recreational activity may come with risks, as it causes prolonged lumbar flexion, which has been linked to low back pain (LBP).The study investigated the effects of recreational cycling among college students at the University of Baguio.Materials and methods: Simple random sampling was used to recruit 130 cyclists from the university.Respondents completed a questionnaire where they reported their weekly cycling characteristics.The questionnaire also served to profile respondents.Results: Most of the respondents were female, lacked a history of LBP, performed recreational cycling twice a week or less, cycled for less than 2 hours per session, and had been doing recreational cycling for less than one year.Furthermore, the respondents usually cycled on flat terrain, utilizing upper handlebar types.The Chi-square test for independence revealed no significant associations between LBP and the moderator variables sex, frequency of cycling, duration of a single cycling session, history of LBP, and handlebar type.Conclusion: Recreational cycling has no significant effect on LBP and would be considered safe for most people.The findings of this study suggest that cycling, as done within the parameters defined in this study, will likely not aggravate LBP.The researchers would even go on to say that cycling performed this way is a potentially beneficial exercise for LBP.This is because while cycling as an exercise places stress on the lower back, taking adequate amounts of rest in between cycling sessions allows the strengthening of lumbar muscles while avoiding injury.Background: Diabetic wounds present a unique challenge in medical treatment due to their slower healing process than normal wounds.Macrophages play a crucial role in all phases of normal wound healing, including inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling.In cases of impaired wound healing, macrophages can disrupt the balance between tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) while also suppressing inflammation through the upregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6).Alpha-mangostin, a natural xanthone derived from the pericarp of the mangosteen, has gained considerable attention due to its anti-inflammatory, suggesting its potential to promote wound healing, particularly diabetic foot ulcers, and remains an enigma.Alpha-mangostin might expedite the healing process in diabetic wounds remains unclear.To investigate the potential effects of alpha-mangostin on diabetic wound healing by evaluating its impact on IL-6, MMP-9, and TIMP-2 secretion in macrophage cells.Materials and methods: Human monocytic cell line (THP-1) cells were incubated with a 35 mM glucose solution for 72 hours to create a glucose-enriched medium.The cells were then incubated with alphamangostin (0.15, 2.5, and 5 μg/ml), positive control (carboxymethyl cellulose, and negative controls (high glucose and culture medium alone).Protein expression and gene expression (IL-6, TIMP-2, and MMP-9) were measured using ELISA and qPCR.Results: Alpha-mangostin (0.15 and 2.5 μg/ml) reduced MMP-9 and IL-6 secretion levels compared to glucose controls on both protein and gene expression.There was no significant increase in TIMP-2 protein levels across any of the treatment groups compared to glucose control.However, a notable increase was observed in gene expression with a concentration of 2.5 μg/ml.Conclusion: Alpha-mangostin lowered MMP-9 and IL-6 secretion in both protein and gene expression and increased TIMP-2 in gene expression, suggesting potential use in diabetic wound healing.

P2
Level of knowledge and causes on gastritis among high school students Luqman Bin Saidin, Nurelveen Fitri Binti Hisham, Nurul Ashifa Binti Zainol, Muhammad Naqiuddin Hakim Bin Alias, Iman Zul Hakim Bin Amran Alimin, Muhammad Asyraf Salleh Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Correspondence: Muhammad Asyraf Salleh (asyraf@ ucmi.edu.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):P2 Background: Gastritis is an inflammatory condition of the gastric mucosa that exhibits changes related to etiology and host response.Students suffer from gastritis because of stress, lack of gastritis information, less time to eat and improper eating patterns.This study aims to determine knowledge and causes of gastritis among high school students.

Materials and methods:
In this study, we explore the knowledge among high school students who clinically diagnosis have gastric.We recruited a cross-sectional study and the survey collected data on sociodemographic and self-administrated structured questionnaires with close questions.Descriptive statistical and t-test analysis was used using SPSS version 26.Results: A total of 100 respondents were involved, and the mean of knowledge is 2.92 ± 0.26 where 97% of the respondents have a high level while another 3% have a low level of knowledge on gastritis.Our results show that skipping breakfast (51.35%) is the main cause of gastritis followed by frequently eating spicy food (33.43%) and eating sour food (16.22%).These findings also show that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge between genders.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this study found that most of the gastritis high school students have a high level of knowledge.Skipping breakfast is the main cause and schools need to provide urgent intervention strategies to avoid uncertainty problems among these students.

P3 Renal transplant: knowledge among secondary school students in Selangor
Muhammad Amir Hafiz Bin Khairuddin, Nur Atiqah Binti Anuar, Ainur Aelisa Binti Baharuddin, Puteri Noorzita Khan Binti Zainal Abidin, Muhamad Zakuan Abdullah Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Correspondence: Muhamad Zakuan Abdullah (m.zakuan@ ucmi.edu.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):P3 Background: A renal transplant is a renal therapy that involves transplanting a damaged renal from an End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) recipient and replacing it with a new renal from a donor.Although this organ transplant is useful and very helpful, many ESRD patients are unable to undergo an organ transplant within the specified time and need to receive long-term dialysis treatment.However, the lack of pledgers or donors made the situation difficult and the mortality rate increased.Lack of exposure and discussion among young people about this issue contribute to their unwillingness toward organ donation.So, this research is focused on determining the level of knowledge among secondary school students about renal transplants.The research also aimed to compare the level of renal transplant knowledge based on gender.Materials and methods: A 21-item self-administered questionnaire was used.It assessed the level of knowledge regarding renal transplant using the Likert rating scale.It also asked for demographic data.Of the 100 respondents who participated, 50 (50%) were boys while 50 (50%) of them were girls.Results: From this study, the majority of them (52%) had a high level of knowledge about renal transplant whereas 48% of students had a low level.When compared by gender using the t-Test, there was a statistically significant difference among males and females toward renal transplant (p = 0.009).Conclusion: Most of those students have heard about transplants.However, information on kidney transplants has to be spread out to increase public knowledge and positive attitudes to support renal transplant programs to reduce the number of cases of ESRD.

P4
The level of knowledge and symptom of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) among women in Klang Bakhita Stephanie Ong Swee Lian, Nazaratul Nazira Nazib, Nik Nuranis Syafiqah Nik Mohd Sabri, Roslinda Saiful Salleh, Muhammad Haziq Mohamat Suhaim, Zulfa Zakuan Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Correspondence: Zulfa Zakuan (zulfa@ ucmi.edu.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):P4 Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women between the ages of 18 to 44 years.PCOS cannot be prevented but early diagnosis and treatment help prevent long-term complications.This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge about PCOS and measure the severity of symptoms of PCOS and lifestyle among women in Klang.

Materials and methods:
In this cross-sectional study, data was collected through questionnaires administered to women respondents in Klang, Selangor.The respondents were selected through quota sampling.The data was collected through self-administered structured questionnaires related to knowledge, severity of symptoms of PCOS experienced by the respondents, and their lifestyle.Descriptive and correlation statistics were used for data analysis using SPSS version 26.Results: A total of 95 respondents participated in the study.97.9% of the respondents showed a high level of knowledge.Meanwhile, participants were shown to have severe PCOS symptoms (2.743 ± 0.275) with poor lifestyle (2.704 ± 0.392).Lastly, there is a significant correlation between lifestyle and symptoms of PCOS (p< .001).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the study has shown that most respondents have a high level of knowledge, severe PCOS symptoms and poor lifestyle.Symptoms and lifestyle showed a positive and significant correlation.In-depth studies are needed to discover the factors causing the rise of PCOS cases among women.

P5
Water quality impacts of Hypostomus plecostomus towards Danio rerio tank system Siti Sarah Mohd Asri, Rushduddin Al Jufri Roosli Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Correspondence: Rushduddin Al Jufri Roosli (jufri@ ucmi.edu.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):P5 Background: Hypostomus plecostomus (pleco) cleans aquatic tanks by consuming algae and uneaten food, and it is usually kept in systems with the other fishes.However, no studies have been done to show how pleco impacts the water quality of tank systems.Danio rerio (zebrafish) tank system maintenance involves an emphasis on several factors, including temperature, illumination, water quality, and pH.Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine whether having pleco improves the water quality of the zebrafish tank system.Materials and methods: Hypostomus plecostomus between the ages of 6 and 9 months and Danio rerio between the ages of 2 and 3 months were used.30 zebrafish were grouped into 3 different tanks with 10 zebrafish and 0, 1 or 2 number of plecos respectively in each tank.The tanks were observed daily for two weeks and water parameters such as ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, pH, temperature, total dissolved solute (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were recorded.

Results:
The results showed that the parameters of water quality in the tanks with plecos are better compared to the tanks without plecos.The tank with 2 plecos was also found to have a better reading compared to the tank with only 1 pleco.Conclusion: These early findings indicate that the existence of pleco indeed improves the water quality of the tank system.However, further investigation is going on to conduct triplicate experiments for longer periods and with a more varying number of plecos.
Background: Physalis angulata L. which is commonly known as cutleaf groundcherry or letup-letup is famously known for its medicinal properties for wound treatment and healing.Several studies have shown that the bioactive compounds from P. angulata L. possessed biological activity such as antiasthmatic, antimalarial and antiallergic.Previous studies have also shown that the extract of P. angulata L. was used to test on post-larvae of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon).However, to date, no research has been done on the toxicity of P. angulata L. with zebrafish embryos.Therefore, this research is to assess the toxicity of P. angulata L. ethanolic extract on zebrafish embryos.Materials and methods: The P. angulata L. leaves were dried and grounded before it was soaked in 70% ethanol.Using the maceration method, the ethanolic extract of P. angulata L. was extracted.For the embryo toxicity test, twenty fertilised embryos were exposed to different concentrations of ethanolic P. angulata L. extract (0, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/ml).The mortality of the embryo was assessed by the coagulation of the embryo and the death of larvae.The lethality concentrations (LC50) were determined at different hours of post-fertilization (hpf ).The positive control used was 3,4-dichloroaniline, while the negative control was E3 medium.Results: Generally, increasing concentrations of the extract showed an increase in mortality of the embryo.The Lc50 for 24 hpf, 48 hpf, and 72 hpf were 1981 mg/ml, 540 mg/ml and 226 mg/ml respectively.Some of the hatched larvae showed apparent deformities due to the exposure.Conclusion: P. angulata L. showed low toxicity to the embryo of zebrafish.Detailed assessment of the developmental points of the embryo and larvae is needed to determine its potential teratogenicity.Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Malaysia is 9.07% of the total population, with 0.36% having stage 5 CKD or end-stage renal disease (ESRD).Several studies have reported that CCR2 plasma levels were significantly higher in patients with ESRD.The present study aims to determine the frequency of the genotype and compare the genotype by age, weight and eGFR value.Materials and methods: This experimental study was conducted at the MAIWP-UCMI Hemodialysis Centre in Batu Muda and Jalan Pahang branch.A total of 28 ESRD patients were treated with hemodialysis, were interviewed and signed informed consent.DNA was extracted from secondary blood samples taken from the ESRD patient.The CCR2 genotype (II, ID and DD) was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.Results: The sample of 28 patients comprises 10 males (35.7%) and 18 females (64.3%).Among the three genotypes, the II genotype was the highest (19 patients, 67.9%), followed by the ID genotype (7 patients, 25%) and DD genotype (2 patients, 7.1%).CCR2 showed no association with ESRD in comparison with age (p = 0.493), weight (p = 0.772) and eGFR value (p = 0.761) using the Chi-square test.

Conclusion:
The results of this study are the outcomes of the comparison between genotype and patient's age, weight and eGFR value.However, the data presented uses a small sample size and the statistical analyses show no significant difference.Therefore, further studies are suggested using a larger sample size for clearer results to aid in the development of epidemiological studies in Malaysia.

P9 Effect of hemodialysis on blood morphology in patients with end-stage renal disease at MAIWP Hemodialysis Center, Batu Muda, Malaysia
Raihana Amani Binti A Razak, Henkie Isahwan Ahmad Mulyadi Lai Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Correspondence: Henkie Isahwan Ahmad Mulyadi Lai (henkie@ ucmi.edu.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):P9 Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the most severe form of kidney failure, necessitating dialysis or a transplant for survival.The prevalence of ESRD has been increasing.Hemodialysis is a process in which blood is filtered using a dialysis machine and a specific filter known as an artificial kidney or dialyzer.There is limited data available in our community regarding the impact of hemodialysis on hematological parameters, particularly blood morphology.The objective of this study is to determine the effect of hemodialysis on blood morphology.Materials and methods: This analytical study is conducted at the MAIWP Hemodialysis Center in Batu Muda, focusing on ESRD patients.A total of 100 blood samples will be collected from 50 hemodialysis patients, both before and after dialysis.Blood samples will be taken from hemodialysis patients to create peripheral blood films (PBF), which will be observed under a microscope to assess blood morphology.Various types of red blood cell (RBC) morphology will be identified among hemodialysis patients at MAIWP Hemodialysis Center.Results: A total of 100 blood cells were examined before and after dialysis from 50 hemodialysis patients.Overall, 92% of ovalocyteshaped cells were observed, 87% were spherocytes and ovalocytes, and 2% were ellipsocytes.Conclusion: These findings suggest that hemodialysis patients are more likely to have ovalocytes, spherocytes, and ovalocytes compared to control patients.

P10 Analysis of CCR5 gene polymorphism among stage 5 ESRD subjects
Nurul Izzah Yusof, Nurul Ain Abu Bakar, Vasudevan Ramachandran Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Correspondence: Nurul Ain Abu Bakar (nurul_ ain@ ucmi.edu.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):P10 Background: In Malaysia, 58% of ESRD patients are diabetic.Findings from a population-based cross-sectional study in 2020 reported that the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Malaysia had increased by 6.41%, rising from 9.07% to 15.48%, with stage 5 CKD or end-stage renal disease (ESRD).The highest percentage of dialysis patients was found in the 55-64 age group.This study aims to determine the genotype comparison between age, weight, eGFR value, and the frequency of genotypes.Materials and methods: This study was conducted at the MAIWP-UCMI Hemodialysis Centre in Jalan Pahang and the Batu Muda branch.Informed consent was obtained from all the recruited patients prior to the study.A total of 28 patients received treatment at the hemodialysis centre.DNA was extracted from blood samples taken from the ESRD patients, and the CCR5 genotype (II, ID, and DD) was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: Out of the 28 patients, there were 18 female patients (64.3%) and 10 male patients (35.7%).Among the three genotypic categories, the II genotype was the most prevalent (11 patients, 39.3%), followed by the ID genotype (10 patients, 35.7%), and the DD genotype (7 patients, 25.0%).The analysis of CCR5 indicated no association with ESRD when compared to age (p = 0.022), weight (p = 0.948), and eGFR value (p = 0.709).Conclusion: Study findings compared genotypes with patient age, weight, and eGFR values.Small sample data revealed no significant differences, necessitating a larger ESRD subject sample for further investigation.

P11
Anti-inflammatory activity of a cream combination of Moringa oleifera L. extract and Zingiber officinale R. in mice induced with carrageenan Intan Andini, Ajeng Dian Pertiwi, Tuhfatul Ulya, Sri Idawati D3 Pharmacy, Politeknik Medica Farma Husada Mataram, Sekarbela, Indonesia Correspondence: Intan Andini (addia n90@ gmail.com) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):P11 Background: Inflammation is a normal protective response to tissue damage caused by physical, chemical, and microbiological trauma.This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of a combination cream containing Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera L.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) on mice (Mus musculus) induced with 1% carrageenan Materials and methods: This study used 16 male mice divided into 4 groups.Group I was given a cream base (negative control), Group II was given 2.5% hydrocortisone (positive control), and Groups III and IV were treated with a combination cream containing Moringa leaf extract and ginger at concentrations of 5% and 10%.The cream was applied topically, and measurements of the male mice's legs were taken every hour for a total of 5 hours.

Results:
The average percentages of inflammatory inhibition in the positive control, creams with extract concentrations of 5%, and 10% were 35.53%, 47.29%, and 41.03%, respectively.It can be concluded that a concentration of 5% exhibits the highest percentage of inflammatory inhibition.Statistical tests indicate that the p-value for the difference in measurement hours is 0.502, which is greater than the error threshold of 5%.This suggests that the measurement time does not affect the edema volume of each treatment group.Conclusion: A combination cream containing Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera L.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) exhibits antiinflammatory activity in mice.Cream with a concentration of 5% demonstrates the most optimal anti-inflammatory activity.

P12
Inhibiting streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by suppressing sucrose decomposition: exploring the potential of oral probiotic lactobacillus coagulans Aini D3 Pharmacy, Polytechnic of Medica Farma Husada Mataram, Sekarbela, Indonesia Correspondence: Aini (ainie.mfh@ gmail.com) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):P12 Background: Probiotics are supplements containing lactic acid bacteria, known for their ability to metabolize various sugars, including lactose.The presence of Lactobacillus coagulans demonstrates a remarkable antagonistic effect against Streptococcus mutans and offers beneficial properties as an oral probiotic.Additionally, Bacillus coagulans exhibits a safe probiotic profile, characterized by the absence of hemolytic activity, no production of D-lactate, no production of biogenic amino acids, and susceptibility to antibiotics.The aim of this study is to identify Lactobacillus coagulans, a type of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from local Lombok nira as potential probiotics.Materials and methods: To evaluate the impact quantitatively, the amount of Streptococcus mutans insoluble in the EPS biofilm was measured using the anthrone method.Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA.Results: The double comparison test revealed a significant difference when compared to the control (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
This finding suggests the potential use of Lactobacillus coagulans in the development of oral probiotics.

P13
Molecular analysis of endophytic bacterial isolates from papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) Imelda Amelia Damayanti, Dhika Juliana Sukmana, Edy Kurniawan, Baiq Isti Hijriani, Idham Halid D3 Medical Laboratory Technology, Politeknik Medica Farma Husada Mataram, Sekarbela, Indonesia Correspondence: Dhika Juliana Sukmana (dhika.julia na.dj@ gmail.com) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):P13 Background: Endophytic bacteria live within the vascular tissue of plants without causing negative effects.This study aims to identify the endophytic bacteria obtained from papaya leaf isolates through microbiological and molecular methods, using the PCR technique.Materials and methods: This research was a descriptive observational study, which involved two samples of papaya leaves isolated from Batu Ringgit Street, Sekarbela, Mataram.The samples were named D5 and D7, based on specific characteristics determined by the researcher.These samples were cultured on Nutrient Agar (NA) media, followed by a Gram stain test.Colonies that were white and exhibited characteristics of endophytic bacteria on Gram staining were then purified on Sodium Agar Slant media.When the bacteria displayed the characteristics of endophytic bacteria on Gram staining, further biochemical tests and microbiological identification were performed.Results: The results showed that both of the 2 isolated papaya leaf samples tested positive for endophytic bacteria, identified as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus pumilus.Subsequently, the PCR stage was carried out using the conventional PCR method to confirm the presence of endophytic bacteria in the papaya leaf samples, targeting a 1300 bp gene.

Conclusion:
The study's results found that the target genes were successfully identified as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus pumilus, both separated and aligned with the 1300 bp mark, through microbiological and molecular analysis.

P14 Impact of Pecha Kucha on students' employability skills
Zulkifli Khair 1 , Ida Idayu Muhamad 2 , Ana Haziqah A Rashid 1 1 School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia; 2 Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia Correspondence: Zulkifli Khair (zulki flih@ utm.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):P14 Background: Instead of using the traditional model of PowerPoint presentation, Pecha Kucha has become an alternative model for presentation activity in the classroom.This project explored the impact of Pecha Kucha on employability skills.Materials and methods: The participants were 50 students who delivered Pecha Kucha presentation as their presentation assessment.Structured and unstructured interviews were used.Results: Three major codes; efficient, time management and generic skills were generated from the students.Conclusion: Pecha Kucha enabled them a clearer understanding of the subject before conveying the ideas clearly and succinctly within a limited time frame, which enhances their generic skills like critical thinking skills, creative thinking skills and resilience.

P15
Building trust in online shopping: a B40 consumer perspective in Klang Valley Nur Iffah Adila Mat Jib 1 , Anis Anida Shaharudin 1 , Nur Izzati Mohd Rosli 1 , Latif Raj Mohd Shamsudin 1 , Zuraini Alias 1 , Nurul Nadiah Abdul Rahman 1 , Siti Murni Mat Khairi 2 1 Departement of Management, Faculty of Management, Education, and Humanities, University College of MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2 Universiti Keusahawanan Koperasi Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Correspondence: Nur Iffah Adila Mat Jib (iffah adila@ ucmi.edu.my) BMC Proceedings 2024, 18(9):P15 Background: Trust is viewed as a fundamental and complex human interaction and relationship that involves belief or confidence in the reliability, integrity, and honesty of a person, group, organization, or system.Trust plays a significant role in e-commerce because it involves making financial transactions and sharing personal information online.Building and maintaining trust can lead to loyal customers and positive word-of-mouth, which are crucial for the long-term success of e-commerce businesses.Hence, this study comprehensively explores how B40 consumers residing in Klang Valley perceive trust in the context of online shopping, particularly concerning essential aspects such as website security, seller reputation, and the reliability of on-time delivery services.Materials and methods: A sample of 138 respondents representing B40 consumer groups who have experienced online purchasing in Klang Valley participated in the questionnaire survey.Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilised to explain the relationship between website security, seller reputation, and on-time delivery towards trust in online shopping.The collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical approaches.

Results:
The findings of the study indicate that website security, seller reputation and on-time delivery are positively related to trust in online shopping.Our results suggest that seller reputation is the most important aspect of trust in online shopping among the B40 group of consumers.

Conclusion:
This study aims to provide valuable insights into understanding trust issues among B40 consumers in online shopping.It underscores the importance of website security, seller reputation and punctual delivery in shaping the level of trust.

Prevalence of COVID-19 status during pandemic among Malaysian population
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which emerged at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China.COVID-19 has resulted in the death of millions of people worldwide including the Malaysian population.7 waves of COVID-19 occurred during the pandemic in Malaysia.Studies in Malaysia that investigate the prevalence of COVID-19 for each wave are less known.This study was initiated to provide such data on COVID-19 subjects reported from a single centre.Further analysis is needed regarding clinical manifestations, vaccination status and the severity of this disease to determine the effect of COVID-19 during the pandemic in Malaysia.