- Published:
Determination and Health-Risk Evaluation of Nitroxynil Residues in the Edible Tissue of Cattle
Bestämning och hälsoriskvärdering au nitroxynilrester i ätbare väv-nader från nötkreatur
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 23, pages 313–324 (1982)
Abstract
A specific Polarographic method with a sensitivity of ≥ 2 jig/kg (ppb) has been used to determine the plasma and tissue concentrations of nitroxynil (NTX), which is used against Parafilaria bovicola in cattle. After treatment with the therapeutic dose on NTX (2 × 20 mg/kg b.w., s,c), there was an initial rapid decrease in the plasma concentration followed by a slower elimination phase. The plasma levels of NTX were 8 mg/kg (ppm) and 3 mg/kg after 6 weeks and 2 months, respectively. The muscle and other edible tissue from treated cattle contained 0.1–0.3 mg/kg NTX after 2 months, and jxg/kg amounts were still detectable 3 months after the injection. Based on available pharmacological and toxicological data, a 3-months withdrawal time for NTX in cattle is proposed.
Sammanfattning
En specifik polar ografisk metod, med en känslighet ≥ 2 μg/kg, har använts för att bestämma resthalter nitroxynil (NTX) som använ-des mot Parafilaria bovicola hos boskap i plasma och vävnad. Efter behandling med den terapeutiska dosen NTX (2 × 20 mg/kg kropps-vikt, s.c) erhölls initialt en snabb minskning av NTX i blodet följt av en långsammare nedgång med en retardation av 8 mg/kg NTX efter 6 veckor och 3 mg/kg NTX efter 3 mamader. Muskel och andra ätbara vävnader från boskap slaktade vid olika tidpunkter efter behandlin-gen, innehöll 0.1–0.3 mg/kg NTX efter 2 månader och fortfarande detekterbara sparmängder μg/kg omradet) 3 månader efter injek-tionerna. Med hänsyn tili tillgängliga farmakologiska och toxikologi-ska data föreslås en karenstid av 3 månader för NTX behandlad boskap.
References
Beretta, C. & A. Locatelli: Anthelmintic and diffusion properties of 2-iso-4-cyano-6-nitrophenol affected by blood serum or by serum albumin solutions in vitro. Brit. vet. J. 1969, 125, 483–491.
Bond, A. M.: Modern Polarographic Methods in Analytical Chemistry. M. Dekker. Inc., New York and Basel 1980, p. 1–518.
Davis, M., J. M. S. Lucas, J. Rosenbaum & D. E. Wright: 4-cyano-2-iodo-6-nitrophenol: a new fasciolide. Nature 1966, 211, 882–883.
Douch, P. G. C. & L. L. Buchanan: The metabolism of nitrophenolic and 5-arylazorhodamine anthelmintics by Ascaris suum, Mo-niezia expansa and by mouse- and sheep-liver enzymes. Xeno-biotica 1979, 9, 467–474.
FAO/WHO: Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives with a review of general principles and of specifications. Seventh Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Tech. Report Series 1974, No 539, 8–92.
Guilhon, J.: Tolérance du mouton an iodo-3 hydroxy-4 nitro-5 benzo-nitrile administré par voie parentérale. (Tolerance of sheep against parenteral application of iodo-3 hydroxy-4-nitro-5 ben-zonitrile). Bull. Acad. Vet. 1968, 41, 37–40.
Hugoson, G.: Personal communication.
Lucas, J. M. S.: 4-cyano-2-iodo-6-nitrophenol, M & B 10.755. I: Activity against experimental fascioliasis in rabbits, sheep and calves. Brit. vet. J. 1967, 123, 198–211.
Meites, L.: Polarographic Techniques. 2nd ed. J. Wiley & Sons Inc., New York 1965, p. 89.
van Miert, A. S. J. & H. W. Groeneveld: Anthelmintics used for the treatment of fasciolasis as uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation in warm blooded animals. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 1969, 8, 385–388.
Parnell, M. J.: Determination of nitroxynil residues in sheep and calves. Pestic. Sci. 1970, 1, 138–143.
Perez, M. K.: Human safety data collection and evaluation for the approval of new animal drugs. J. Tox. environ. Health 1977, 3, 837–857.
Takeshita, J., Kishi, M. Seki, K. Fujiyama, O. Otsaka & K. Ahiko: Analysis of nitroxynil (Fasciolicide) in milk and dairy products. Milchwissenschaft 1980, 35, 133–135.
Wahlgren, T.: Personal communication.
Wellington, A. C: Parafilaria bovicola in cattle and its control. J. S. Afr. vet. med. Ass. 1980, 51, 243–244.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ekström, LG., Slanina, P. Determination and Health-Risk Evaluation of Nitroxynil Residues in the Edible Tissue of Cattle. Acta Vet Scand 23, 313–324 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03546783
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03546783