Skip to main content

Volume 58 Supplement 2

Special Issue: The 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami

Rupture process of the 2004 great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake estimated from tsunami waveforms

Abstract

Rupture process of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake is estimated using tsunami waveforms observed at tide gauges and the coseismic vertical deformation observed along the coast. The average rupture speed of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake is estimated to be 1.7 km/s from tsunami waveform analysis. The rupture extends about 1200 km toward north-northwest along the Andaman trough. The largest slip of 23 m is estimated on the plate interface off the northwest coast in the Aceh province in Sumatra. Another large slip of 21 m is also estimated on the plate interface beneath the north of Simeulue Island in Indonesia. The other large slip of 10–15 m is estimated on the plate interface near Little Andaman and Car Nicobar Inlands. The total seismic moment is calculated to be 7.2 × 1022 Nm (Mw 9.2) which is similar to the other studies using seismic waves (Park et al., 2005; Ammon et al., 2005).

References

  • Ammon, J. C., C. Ji, H. Thio, D. Robinson, S. Ni, V. Hjorleifsdottir, H. Kanamori, T. Lay, S. Das, D. Helmberger, G. Ichinose, J. Polet, and D. Wald, Rupture process of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, Science, 308, 1133–1139, 2005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J. M., Heterogeneous coupling along Alaska-Aleutians as inferred from tsunami, seismic, and geodetic inversions, Advance in Geophysics, 39, 1–110, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaystrenko, V., N. Razzigaeva, Y., Korolev, N. Polukhin, A. Zaytsev, G. S. Prasetya, and R. Hidayat, Manifestation of the Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami of December 26, 2004 in the near Epicenter zone (Simeulue Is.) and near Belawan Port on the NE Coast of the Sumatra Is., Earth Planets Space, 2006 (submitted).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawata, Y., Y. Tsuji, Y. Sugimoto, H. Hayashi, H. Matsutomi, Y. Okamura, I. Hayashi, H. Kayane, Y. Tanioka, K. Fujima, F. Imamura, M. Matsuyama, T. Takahashi, N. Maki, and S. Koshimura, Comprehensive analysis of the damage and its impact on coastal zones by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami disaster, Research Report of Grants-in-Aid for Special Purposes in Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (#16800055), in press.

  • Lay, T., H. Kanamori, C. J. Ammon, M. Nettles, S. N. Ward, R. C. Aster, S. L. Beck, S. L. Bilek, M. R. Brudzinski, R. Butler, H. R. Deshon, G. Ekstrom, K. Satake, and S. Sipkin, The great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004, Science, 308, 1127–1132, 2005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malik, J. and C. V. R. Murty, Signatures of land-level changes in Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) due to M 9.3 Sumatra earthquake of 26 December 2004, Abstract for the AOGS 2005 annual meeting, S32/3A–01–7/202, 2005

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, A., Y. Nishimura, G. Gelfenbaum, T. Kamataki, and R. Triyono, Sedimentary deposits of the 26 December 2004 tsunami on the northwest coast of Aceh, Indonesia, Earth Planets Space, 58, this issue, 253–258, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okada, Y., Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a halfspace, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 75, 1135–1154, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, J., T. A. Song, J. Tromp, E. Okal, S. Stein, G. Roult, E. Clevede, G. Laske, H. Kanamori, P. Davis, J. Berger, C. Braitenberg, M. V. Camp, X. Lei, H. Sun, H. Xu, and S. Rosat, Earth’s free oscillations excited by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, Science, 308, 1139–1144, 2005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Satake, K., Inversion of tsunami waveforms for the estimation of heterogeneous fault motion of large earthquakes: The 1968 Tokachi-oki and the 1983 Japan Sea earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5627–5636, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanioka, Y. and K. Satake, Coseismic slip distribution of the 1946 Nankai earthquake and aseismic slips caused by the earthquake, Earth Planets Space, 53, 235–241, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tichelaar, B. W. and L. J. Ruff, How good are our best model? Jackknifing, bootstrapping, and earthquake depth, EOS, 70, 593, 605–606, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tobita, M., M. Kaizu, M. Murakami, M. Tsuzawa, T. Imakiire, H. Yarai, H. Suito, Y. Fukuzaki, M. Kato, S. Fujiwara, A. Itabashi, and H. Nakai, Coastline change and tsunami inundation area of Northern Sumatra Island inferred from satellite synthetic aperture radar images, Abstract for the 2005 Japan Earth and Planetary Science Joint meeting, J113–009, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuichiro Tanioka.

Rights and permissions

Open Access  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tanioka, Y., Yudhicara, Kususose, T. et al. Rupture process of the 2004 great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake estimated from tsunami waveforms. Earth Planet Sp 58, 203–209 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03353379

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03353379

Key words