Abstract: Objective To assess effects of the China Healthy Lifestyle for All(CHLA) project on variations in health knowledge,attitudes and practice (KAP) among urban and rural residents of Liaoning province.Methods Using multistage stratified random sampling,we conducted a survey among adult permanent residents in 14 districts or counties(7 with and 7 without the implementation of CHLA in 2010) in Liaoning province in 2012.A 25-item questionnaire on health KAP was used in the survey.Results Eligible information were collected from 3 926 participants and the effective response rate was 93.50% for the 4 200 residents surveyed.Compared with rural participants,the urban participants reported higher ratios of being aware of most items of health knowledge (>50% vs.<40%),having right attitude towards health-related activities (>45% vs.<35%),and taking health promotion actions (17.2%-40.8% vs.6.2%-19.8%).The implementation of CHLA raised the awareness rate of health knowledge and the usage rate of waist rulers and body mass index calculator significantly among urban participants.While,among the rural participants,the awareness rate of health knowledge and the usage rate of limited salt spoon and oil pot increased by 1.6-7.7 times but no significant changes in other health KAP indicators were observed after the implementation of CHLA.Conclusion The study results suggest that to solve main problems in the promotion of health attitude and practice among residents involved in CHLA project,an outcome-based performance evaluation management system should be established and the quality of health knowledge communication should be improved with specific techniques in future implementation of the project.