Abstract: Objective To investigate the vision care behaviors and their influence factors among primary and middle school students and to provide references for myopia prevention and policy making.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect individual information,lighting environment,and habits of using eyes among the students in Shenzhen city,and a scale was used to measure vision care behaviors.The questionnaires for students of grade 1-3 were finished by the students parents and those for grade 4-6 and for middle school students were finished by the students themselves;all the questionnaires were finished in the classrooms and collected by teachers and research fellows.Results Totally 1 645 key primary and middle school students and 2 072 non-key school students in Shenzhen city were investigated.The rates of myopia in girls(35.3%),students over 15 years of age(53.2%),the only child(39.8%),the students with parental myopia(43.4%),students in the city(40.2%),and key school students(43.5%)were significantly higher than those of the other students.The results of generalized linear model showed that with the increment of age,the adverse scores for time of using eyes(B=0.246)and reading and writing increased(B=0.185).The adverse scores for time(B=0.391)and intensity(B=0.724)of using eyes in the boys were significantly higher than that in the girls(B=0);the reading and writing habits of the students with parental myopia(B=0.683)were worse than those of the students without parental myopia(B=0);the vision care behaviors of rural students(B=0.992)were significantly better than those of urban students(B=0).Conclusion The time and intensity of eyes using,writing habits and vision care behaviors were influenced by many factors which play important roles in the incident of myopia among primary and middle school students.