Abstract: Objective To observe early changes of hepatorenal function and the changes of visceral pathology after hyperthermia and scald in rabbits.Methods The rabbits were randomly divided into normal environment group,hyperthermia group,and heat acclimatization group and reared in the environment with different temperature and exposed to scald.Alanine aminotransferase(ALT),creatinine(Cr)were dynamically detected and pathomorphologic changes of liver and kidney 2 days after scald exposure were compared for the rabbits.Results There was no death in normal environment group; one rabbit dead in heat acclimatization group and 3 rabbits dead in hyperthermia group.ALT(69.3±1.5 U/L)and Cr(72.0±6.5 umol/L)of the rabbits in heat acclimatization group were obviously higher than those of normal environment group(43.3±4.5 U/L and 61.0±3.6 umol/L)and hyperthermia group(46.3±7.6 U/L and 61.3±3.6 umol/L; P < 0.05).ALT,Cr of the rabbits in hyperthermia group and heat acclimatization group were obviously higher than those of normal environment group after burn.ALT(167.0±24.9 U/L)and Cr(211.5±7.2 μmol/L)of the rabbits in hyperthermia group were obviously higher than those of heat acclimatization group(136.0±7.0 U/L and 155.3±2.2 μmol/L; P < 0.05)after burn exposure.The liver and kidney were injured most seriously in hyperthermia group.ConclusionThe combined effects of hyperthermia and burn are far stronger than burn and heat acclimatization might be beneficial to relieve the combined effects in scalded rabbits under hyperthermia environment.