Abstract: Objective To study static refraction condition among elementary and middle school students aged 6-18 years and with belownormal vision and to provide basis for myopid prevention.Methods Ciliary muscle paralysis optometry was carreid out among 1 354 elementary and middle school students with refractive defect.The data collected was analyzed with SPSS13.0.Results Totally 2 708 eyes were ascertained with belownormal vision with a prevalence of 76.39% for myopia,5.21% for emmetropia,and 18.40% for hyperopia.There were age and gender differences in diopter in the students.The prevaleace of astigmatism was 72.27%,with 20.08% of hypermetropic astigmatism,75.47% of myopic astigmatism,and 4.45% of mixed astigmatism.The hypermetropic astigmatism was prevalent among the students of 7-yearsold,and myopic astigmatism was prevalent among students above eight years old.With-the-rule astigmatism accounted for a majority of all types of astigmatism.Most astigmatism degrees were between 0.50 and 1.00 DC.Conclusion Eye care has become an important public health problem for school students and should be strengthened in primary and middle schools.