2013年中国0～5岁儿童贫血现状

房红芸; 于冬梅; 郭齐雅; 琚腊红; 许晓丽; 于文涛; 贾凤梅; 赵丽云

doi:10.11847/zgggws1120931

2013年中国0～5岁儿童贫血现状

Anemia prevalence of among 0 – 5 years old children in China, 2013

摘要

摘要:
目的分析中国各省份0～5岁儿童贫血状况。
方法利用2013年中国居民营养与健康状况监测中0～5岁儿童调查资料，分析中国各省份0～5岁儿童贫血现状。采用WHO制定的贫血诊断标准判断贫血。
结果共分析30个省（直辖市、自治区）29 677名儿童，四川、重庆、贵州、湖北和广西5个省份0～5岁儿童的贫血率均 > 10.0 %，其中，四川0～5岁儿童贫血率最高，为25.2 %。四川、山东、黑龙江、湖北、湖南、宁夏和辽宁7个省份的城市0～5岁儿童贫血率分别为24.6 %、19.0 %、14.4 %、13.8 %、13.1 %、13.0 %和11.7 %；青海、山西、四川、江西、重庆、陕西、贵州、湖北、广西、福建、吉林和新疆12个省份农村0～5岁儿童贫血率分别为27.5 %、26.1 %、25.6 %、23.8 %、22.4 %、18.3 %、17.1 %、14.4 %、13.5 %、12.6 %、11.8 %和11.1 %。
结论各省份0～5岁儿童贫血率差异较大，各省份城乡间贫血率差异也较大，四川、重庆、贵州、湖北和广西5个省份0～5岁儿童的贫血患病率较高，均 > 10.0 %，主要为西部地区的省份。其中，四川省儿童贫血状况最为严重，有超过1/4的0～5岁儿童贫血。

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the prevalence of anemia among 0 – 5 years old children in China.
Methods The data on 29 677 children aged 0 – 5 years in 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across China were extracted from National Nutrition and Health Surveillance conducted in 2013. World Health Organization standards for diagnosis of anemia were used in the study.
Results The prevalence rates of anemia were higher than 10.0% among the children in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and Chongqing municipality, of which, the highest rate (25.2%) was observed among the children in Sichuan province. The anemia prevalence rate ranged from 24.6% to 11.7% among the children in urban areas of Sichuan (24.6%), Shandong (19.0%), Heilongjiang (14.4%), Hubei (13.8%), Hunan (13.1%), Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (13.0%) and Liaoning province (11.7%); while, the rate fluctuated between 27.5% and 11.1% among the children in rural areas of Qinghai (27.5%), Shanxi (26.1%), Sichuan (25.6%), Jiangxi (23.8%), Shaanxi (18.3%), Guizhou (17.1%), Hubei (14.4%), Fujian (12.6%), and Jilin province (11.8%), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (13.5%) and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (11.1%), and Chongqing municipality (22.4%), respectively.
Conclusion There are obvious differences in anemia prevalence among 0 – 5 years old children in various provincial regions and between urban and rural areas in China. The anemia prevalence rate is relatively higher (> 10.0%) among the 0 – 5 years children in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and Chongqing municipality; in Sichuan province with the highest anemia prevalence rate, more than one fifth of the 0 – 5 years old children suffering from anemia.

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