氮、钾肥用量对膜下滴灌加工番茄产量和品质的影响
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农业部行业公益性专项(201103003)。


Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on yield and quality of processing tomato under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching
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    摘要:

    通过田间小区试验,研究不同氮、钾肥用量对加工番茄产量、品质的影响。试验设N 0、210、300、390 kg/hm2 4个水平,K2O 0、135、225、315 kg/hm2 4个水平,于成熟期测定各项品质指标、产量构成并分析增产效应。结果表明,氮肥、钾肥对加工番茄均有显著增产作用,但钾肥的增产作用强度不如氮肥显著。氮、钾肥增产率范围分别为32.8%~51.4%,13.3%~23.0%。N、K肥均通过增加加工番茄单果重增加产量。施氮量390 kg/hm2处理番茄红素、可溶性固形物较300 kg/hm2处理显著降低10.85%和14.77%,较210 kg/hm2低氮处理糖酸比显著下降36.04%。随施钾量的增加,番茄红素持续增加,315 kg/hm2处理最大,为14.97 mg/100 g。增施钾肥可溶性固形物含量可以提高8.81%~13.73%,糖酸比提高3.98%~30.68%。增施钾有利于降低脐腐病发生率,提高氮肥用量可使脐腐病发生率显著增加。分别对施氮肥量、施钾肥量和产量的关系用一元二次方程拟合,得到最高产量氮肥施用量为265.5 kg/hm2,最高产量钾肥施用量为268.5 kg/hm2。确定合理的氮肥和钾肥的施肥量范围分别为254.1~265.5和225~230.2 kg/hm2。

    Abstract:

    Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on yield and quality of processing tomato under drip irrigation with film mulch.Four nitrogen levels of 0,210,300,390 kg/hm2 and four K2O levels of 0,135,225,315 kg/hm2were adopted in this study.Processing tomato yield and quality were determined at mature stage.The results showed that both nitrogen and potassium fertilizers increased the processing tomato yield significantly,and effect of potassium fertilizer was inferior to that of nitrogen.Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers increased yield by 32.8%~51.4% and 13.3%~23.0%,respectively.Yield increase of processing tomato was mainly due to the promotion of fruit weight both by nitrogen or potassium fertilizers.The lycopene and soluble solids contents in 390 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment were significantly lower than those in the 300 kg/hm2 treatment,which were 10.85% and 14.77%,respectively.Sugaracid ratio in 390 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment was significantly less than that in the 210 kg/hm2 treatment,which was 36.04%. Lycopene increased with the increasing rate of potassium application.Lycopene content was the greatest in 315 kg/hm2 treatment.Soluble solids content and sugaracid ratio were improved 8.81%~13.73% and 3.98%~30.68% by potassium fertilizer application,respectively.Blossom end rot were decreased by potassium fertilizer application,but blossom end rot were increased significantly in excess nitrogen treatments. Parabola curves were fitted by the relation between tomato yield and N application rate or K2O application rate,and the N or K2O rate at the highest yield was 265.5 kg/hm2 and 268.5 kg/hm2,respectively.This study suggested that optimal range of N fertilizer application rate was 254.1~265.5 kg/hm2,and K2O was 225~230.2 kg/hm2.

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杨玉珍,孟超然,张新疆,白如霄,危常州*.氮、钾肥用量对膜下滴灌加工番茄产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(1):61-67.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-01-09
  • 最后修改日期:2016-04-10
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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-02-20
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