Plastic is widely used in the world，and the microplastics generated pose a potential threat and unpredictable risk to the environmental system. The research of microplastics in soil is faced with many difficulties due to the complex soil matrix and the diverse sources of microplastics. Based on reviewing the microplastic pollution and its effects on soil ecosystem，we analyzed the problems of soil microplastic pollution that China is facing now. The sources，analysis and detection methods of microplastics in soil，and the impact of microplastics on soil ecosystem were summarized. On this basis，the prospect of soil microplastic pollution research was made，and the main research direction and prevention and control measures in this field were discussed.