660 nm Red LED Induces Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cell

SLPI acts as a modulator of the innate immune responses of macrophages, neutrophils and odontoblasts, and LPS-inducible anti-inflammatory cytokine to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory products by macrophages. Many studies have revealed the effects of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the tissue repair and inflammatory responses. Although the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of irradiation with LEDs in gingival fibroblasts are known, the effects of 660 nm red LEDs on the inflammation remain unclear. Moreover, there is no report regarding the molecular mechanism for the relationship between SLPI and biological effects of LEDs. The effects of 660 nm red LEDs on inflammation with SLPI were investigated by examining the effects of 660 nm LED on the SLPI expression of RAW264.7 cells after LPS stimulation. This paper reports that the 660 nm red LED induced SLPI expression or reduced the LPS response, and inhibited NF- _K B activation directly, leading to the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, suggesting that it might be a useful wavelength LED for inflammation therapy.