Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Monograph
Published: 2010-12-03
Page range: 1–77
Abstract views: 100
PDF downloaded: 3

Thoracic scent efferent system of Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): a review of terminology

Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, CZ-148 00 Praha 4—Kunratice, Czech Republic
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic
Hemiptera Heteroptera Pentatomoidea morphology terminology metathoracic scent glands

Abstract

The terminology used for structures constituing the thoracic scent efferent system is reviewed and discussed, with the emphasis on the Pentatomoidea. The most suitable terms are selected and suggested for a general use, i.e., scent gland system, metathoracic scent apparatus, thoracic scent efferent system, internal scent efferent system, internal orifice, vestibule, vestibular furrows, external scent efferent system, ostiolar plate, metepimeral pseudosuture, ostiole, ostiolar groove, periostiolar depression, vestibular scar, peritreme, supporting projection, median furrow, auricle, spout, (peritremal) groove, (peritremal) ruga, (peritremal) disc, peritremal lobes, terminal lobe, pseudoperitremal structures, pseudoperitreme, evaporatorium, evaporatory channel, gyrification, mycoid microsculpture, mycoid surface, mushroom body, stem, cap, bridge, alveole, trabeculae, peritremal microsculpture, peritremal surface. The traditional terminology describing the external scent efferent system (especially peritreme) in Cydnidae is discussed and reinterpreted. All the suggested terms are illustrated by scanning electron micrographs and an extensive synonymic list is given for most of them.

References

  1. Abbasi, Q.A. (1977) A new species of a Palaearctic genus Holcostethus Fieber (Pentatominae: Carpocorini) from Pakistan. Karachi University Journal of Science, 5, 81–84.

    Abbasi, Q.A. & Rishi, Z. (1973) Description of Solenostethium rubropunctatum Guerin, 1830 (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae, Elvisurini), with special reference to metathoracic scent gland ostiole and genitalia. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 5, 189–192.

    Afzal, M. & Sahibzada, S.S. (1988) Comparative studies of pterothoracic sclerites of some pentatomid bugs of Pakistan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Biologia (Lahore), 34, 249–256.

    Afzal, M., Shaukat, S.S. & Ahmad, I. (1982) Taxometric study of the family Scutelleridae Leach (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) from Pakistan. Oriental Insects, 16, 373–383.

    Ahmad, I. (1990) Redescription of four little known Brachyplatidine genera Bozius Distant, Codronchus Distant, Cratoplatys Montandon alongwith their types and Ponsila Stal with P. montana Distant (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) with generic key from Indian subregion and their cladistic analysis. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 10, 161–177.

    Ahmad, I. (1996) A revision of the green stink bug tribe Pentatomini Leach (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae) from Indo-Pakistan subcontinent with special reference to their cladistics. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 16, 41–86.

    Ahmad, I. & Abbas, N. (1989) A revision of the genus Euscopus Stal (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) from Indo-Pakistan sub-continent with comments on its cladistic relationship. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 9, 201–210.

    Ahmad, I., Abbas, N. & Parveen, R. [sic!] (1997a) A review of Alydine genera (Hemiptera: Coreoidea: Alydidae) and their cladistic analysis. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 17, 281–289.

    Ahmad, I. & Afzal, M. (1976) Scent apparatus of Dicranocephalus (Heteroptera: Trichophora: Stenocephalidae) with their bearing on classification. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 8, 209–214.

    Ahmad, I. & Afzal, M. (1977) The valvular mechanism in the scent apparatus of the red pumpkin bug, Coridius janus (Fabr.) (Pentatomoidea; Dinidoridae). Islamabad Journal of Science, 4, 1–4.

    Ahmad, I. & Afzal, M. (1978a) Some aspects of the morphology of Catacanthus incarnatus (Drury) (Pentatomidae: Pentatominae) with phylogenetic considerations. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 21, 129–135.

    Ahmad, I. & Afzal, M. (1978b) Scent apparatus of Rhopalidae (Trichophora: Coreoidea). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 54, 213–221.

    Ahmad, I. & Afzal, M. (1989) A revision of Myrocheini (Pentatomidae: Pentatominae) from Indo-Pakistan area. Oriental Insects, 23, 243–268.

    Ahmad, I., Afzal, M. & Kamaluddin, S. (1979) Anatomy of three myrocheines (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) from Pakistan. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 76, 219–222 + 3 separate plates.

    Ahmad, I., Afzal, M. & Siddiqui, M.I. (1977a) Aspects of morphology of Riazocoris nigra Ahmad and Afzal (Pentatominae: Caystrini) with phylogenetic considerations. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 9, 161–165.

    Ahmad, I., Hussain, M. & Kamaluddin, S. (1997b) A review of genus Coridius Illiger (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae) from Indo-Pakistan sub-continent with description of two new species from Mekran and Bangladesh and their cladistic relationships. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 17, 305–320.

    Ahmad, I. & Kamaluddin, S. (1981) A new species of the genus Catacanthus Spinola (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae) from the New Hebrides with morphological notes on two other Australasian species and their relationships. Records of the South Australian Museum, 18, 227–233.

    Ahmad, I. & Kamaluddin, S. (1982) A revision of the genus Poecilocoris Dallas (Pentatomoidea: Scutelleridae) from Indo-Pakistan subcontinent with descriptions of three new species. Oriental Insects, 16, 259–295.

    Ahmad, I. & Kamaluddin, S. (1987) Studies on the morphology of scent apparatus of four genera of the subfamily Phyllocephalinae (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Pakistan with reference to phylogeny. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 3, 341–347.

    Ahmad, I. & Kamaluddin, S. (1988) A new tribe and a new species of the subfamily Phyllocephalinae (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. Oriental Insects, 22, 241–258.

    Ahmad, I. & Kamaluddin, S. (1989) A revision of the tribe Cystrini Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae) from Indo-Pakistan sub-continent with description of two new species from Pakistan and their cladistic analysis. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 9, 169–183.

    Ahmad, I. & Kamaluddin, S. (1990) A new tribe for Phyllocephaline genera Gellia Stål and Tetroda Amyot & Serville (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and their revision. Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae, 195, 1–20.

    Ahmad, I. & Kamaluddin, S. (1999) Redescription with special reference to metathoracic scent auricles and male and female genitalia of two Palaearctic species Eysarcoris aeneus (Scopoli) and E. melanocephalus (F.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae) and their cladistic relationships. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 19, 95–102.

    Ahmad, I. & Khan, S.A. (1973) Studies on the comparative morphology of scent apparatus and alimentary organs of some stink bugs (Pentatomidae: Pentatominae) of Pakistan with reference to phylogeny. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 49(9), 1–55.

    Ahmad, I. & Khanum, D. (1968) Functional morphology of scent apparatus of Halys dentatus (Fabricius) 1775 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) with comments on its phylogenetic value. University Studies, University of Karachi, 5(3), 64–71.

    Ahmad, I., Memon, N. & Parveen, R. [sic!] (1998) A revision of the genus Neohalys Ahmad & Parveen (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae) based on type material. Pakistan Journal of Entomology (Karachi), 13, 1–4.

    Ahmad, I. & Mohammad, F.A. (1980) A new tribe, a new genus and two new species of the subfamily Pentatominae Amyot et Serville (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Pakistan and their relationships. Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, 15, 11–25.

    Ahmad, I. & Mohammad, F.A. (1992) Alimentary and reproductive organs and scent and salivary apparatus of Lestonocoris karachiensis Ahmad and Mohammad (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with reference to its cladistic relationships. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 12, 273–276.

    Ahmad, I. & Moizuddin, M. (1975) Scent apparatus morphology of bean plataspid Coptosoma cribrarium (Fabricius) (Pentatomoidea: Plataspidae) with reference to phylogeny. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 7, 45–49.

    Ahmad, I. & Moizuddin, M. (1977) Comparative functional morphology of the scent apparatus of four cydnines of Pakistan (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) with a note on their phylogenetic considerations. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia, Series Zoologia, 20, 75–85.

    Ahmad, I. & Moizuddin, M. (1979) Comparative morphology of scent apparatus of two plataspids (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with a note on their phylogeny. Karachi University Journal of Science, 6, 37–42.

    Ahmad, I. & Moizuddin, M. (1980) Aspects of internal anatomy of Alphocoris lixoides Germar (Pentatomoidea: Scutelleridae: Odontoscelinae) of Pakistan with phylogenetic considerations. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 1B, 195–201.

    Ahmad, I. & Moizuddin, M. (1982) A new species of the subfamily Thyreocorinae (Pentatomoidea: Cydnidae) from Pakistan with a note on the systematic position of the subfamily. Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae, 148, 1–8.

    Ahmad, I. & Moizuddin, M. (1985) Aspects of anatomy of two species of Sastragala Amyot & Serville (Pentatomoidea: Acanthosomatidae) of Pakistan with reference to phylogeny. Karachi University Journal of Science, 13, 65–70.

    Ahmad, I. & Moizuddin, M. (1990a) A revision of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera: Pentatomomorpha: Pentatomoidea) from Indo-Pakistan area with cladistic analysis of the genera. Oriental Insects, 24, 267–304.

    Ahmad, I. & Moizuddin, M. (1990b) Aspects of internal anatomy of Ameenocoris pakistanensis Ahmad & Moizuddin (Pentatomoidea Acanthosomatidae) from Pakistan with reference to phylogeny. Karachi University Journal of Science, 18, 165–171.

    Ahmad, I. & Moizuddin, M. (1992) Plataspidae Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) from Pakistan and Bangladesh with keys including Indian taxa. Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae, 208, 1–38.

    Ahmad, I., Moizuddin, M. & Kamaluddin, S. (1992) A review and cladistics of Urostylidae Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) with keys to taxa of Indian subregion and description of four genera and five species including two new ones from Pakistan, Azad Kashmir and Bangladesh. Philippine Journal of Science, 121, 263–297.

    Ahmad, I. & Mushtaq, Sh. (1977) External morphology of Chrysocoris stockerus (Linn.) (Pentatomoidea: Scutelleridae) with comparative accounts on fourteen related species from Pakistan, Azad Kashmir and Bangladesh and their bearing on classification. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 20, 18–40.

    Ahmad, I., Naqvi, S.N.H., Khan, S.A. & Yasmeen, F. (1971) Scent apparatus with reference to enzymatic activity of red pumpkin bug Coridius janus (Fabr.) (Heteroptera: Dinidoridae) with comments on the systematic position of the family. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 47(18), 1–16.

    Ahmad, I. & Rana, N.A. (1989) A revision of the genus Acrosternum Fieber (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Pentatomini), associated with rice from Indo-Pakistan subcontinent with description of a new species from Baluchistan. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 9, 185–199.

    Ahmad, I. & Rana, N.A. (1992) Redescription of Amyotea malabarica (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Asopini) and its cladistic relationships. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 12, 237–241.

    Ahmad, I. & Rana, N.A. (1994) A revision of Asopine stink bug genera Blachia Walker and Breddiniella Schouteden (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae). Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 14, 137–146.

    Ahmad, I., Rana, N.A. & Zaidi, R.H. (1988) A cladistic analysis of the genus Canthecona Amyot et Serville (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Asopini) from Indo Pakistan subcontinent. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 8, 147–153.

    Ahmad, I., Shaukat, S.S., Hasan, S.A. & Naqvi, S.N.H. (1997c) A phenetic analysis of the tribes and other groups of the shield bug superfamily Pentatomoidea (Heteroptera). Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 17, 251–261.

    Ahmad, I., Shaukat, S.S. & Kamaluddin, S. (1995) Taxometric studies on Antestiine genera (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae). Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 15, 53–60.

    Ahmad, I., Siddiqui, N.R. & Kamaluddin, S. (1977b) Studies on the external morphology of Ahmadiana salices Ahmad, Kamaluddin and Abbasi (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Tropicorini) and its bearing on the relationships of the group. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 17, 121–134.

    Ahmad, I. & Zaidi, R.H. (1989) A revision of the genus Halyomorpha Mayr (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Carpocorini) from Indo-Pakistan subcontinent with description of a new species from Potohar region of Pakistan and their cladistic analysis. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 9, 237–253.

    Akbar, S.S. (1957) The morphology and life history of Leptocorisa varicornis F. (Coreidae-Hemiptera)—a pest of paddy crop in India. Part I. Head and thorax. Aligarh Muslim University Publications (Zoological Series), 1(5), 1–53 + pls. i–ix.

    Alayo, P.D. (1967a) Catalogo de la Fauna de Cuba. XVIII. Los Hemipteros de Cuba—II. Familia Pentatomidae. Trabajos de Divulgacion, Museo "Felipe Poey" de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, 43, 1–47 + 9 pls.

    Alayo, P.D. (1967b) Catalogo de la Fauna de Cuba. XIX. Los Hemipteros de Cuba—IV. Familia Scutelleridae. Trabajos de Divulgacion, Museo "Felipe Poey" de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, 44, 1–12 + 3 pls.

    Alayo, P.D. (1967c) Catalogo de la Fauna de Cuba. XXII. Los Hemipteros de Cuba—VI. Familias Corimelaenidae y Cydnidae. Trabajos de Divulgacion, Museo "Felipe Poey" de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, 47, 1–13 + 3 pls.

    Aldrich, J.R. (1988) Chemical ecology of the Heteroptera. Annual Review of Entomology, 33, 211–238.

    Andersen, N.M. (1982) The semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera, Gerromorpha). Phylogeny, adaptations, biogeography and classification. Entomograph. Vol. 3. Scandinavian Science Press, Klampenborg, 455 pp.

    Andersen, N.M. (1993) Classification, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the pond skater genus Gerris Fabricius (Hemiptera: Gerridae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71, 2473–2508.

    Ashlock, P.D. (1985) A revision of the Bergidea group: A problem in classification and biogeography (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Lygaeidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 57 (1984), 675–688.

    Baggini, A., Bernardi, R., Casnati, G., Pavan, M. & Ricca, A. (1966) Ricerche sulle secrezioni difensive di Insetti Emitteri Eterotteri. EOS (Madrid), 42, 7–26 + 1 foldout table.

    Barber, H.G. & Sailer, R.I. (1953) A revision of the turtle bugs of North America (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 43, 150–162.

    Becker, M. (1977a) A review of the genus Colpocarena Stal (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Discocephalinae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 37, 367–373.

    Becker, M. (1977b) The genus Abascantus Stal, with the description of two new species (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Discocephalinae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 37, 385–393.

    Becker, M. & Grazia, J. (1970) Sôbre os gêneros Lopadusa Stal e Bothrocoris Mayr (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatomini). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 30, 217–232.

    Becker, M. & Grazia, J. (1985) Revisão do gênero Dinocoris Burmeister, 1835 (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Discocephalinae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 3, 65–108.

    Becker, M. & Grazia, J. (1986) A new genus of discocephaline pentatomid from Ecuador (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Discocephalinae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 46, 453–459.

    Bergroth, E. (1909) Über die Gattung Choerocydnus White. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 28, 329–331.

    Bergroth, E. (1911) Zur Kenntnis der neotropischen Arminen (Hem. Het.). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 30, 117–130.

    Bergroth, E. (1912) Additions to C. Stål’s „Hemiptera Fabriciana“. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 9, 359–363.

    Bernardes, J.L.C., Schwertner, C.F. & Grazia, J. (2009) Cladistic analysis of Thoreyella and related genera (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Procleticini). Zootaxa, 2310, 1–23.

    Bonnemaison, L. (1952) Morphologie et biologie de la Punaise ornée du Chou (Eurydema ventralis Kol.). Annales des Épiphyties, 2, 127–272.

    Brailovsky, H. (1981) Revisión del género Arvelius Spinola (Hemiptera-Heteroptera-Pentatomidae-Pentatomini). Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Zoología, 51 (1980), 239–298.

    Brailovsky, H. (1986) Hemiptera-Heteroptera de Mexico XXXVII: tres nuevas especies y nuevos registros de la familia Pentatomidae. Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Zoología, 57, 281–298.

    Brailovsky, H. (1988) Hemiptera-Heteroptera de Mexico XXXVIII. Los Pentatomini de la estacion de biologia tropical “Los Tuxtlas”, Veracruz (Pentatomidae). Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Zoología, 58 (1987), 69–154.

    Brailovsky, H., Cervantes, L. & Mayroga, C. (1988) Hemiptera-Heteroptera de Mexico XL. La familia Cyrtocoridae Distant en la estacion de biologia tropical “Los Tuxtlas” (Pentatomoidea). Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Zoología, 58 (1987), 537–560.

    Brailovsky, H. & Mayroga, C. (1994) Hemiptera-Heteroptera de Mexico XLV. La subfamilia Asopinae (Pentatomidae), en la estación de biología tropical “Los Tuxtlas”, Veracruz, México. Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Zoología, 65, 33–43.

    Brailovsky, H. & Rolston, L.H. (1986) Dos nuevas especies de Pentatomidos Neotropicales (Hemiptera-Heteroptera-Pentatomini). Folia Entomológica Mexicana, 68, 29–40.

    Brailovsky, H. & Zurbia Flores, R. (1979) Contribución al estudio de los Hemiptera-Heteroptera de México: XVII. revision de la familia Alydidae Amyot y Serville. Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Zoología, 50, 255–339.

    Breddin, G. (1909) Rhynchoten von Ceylon, gesammelt von Dr. Walter Horn. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 23, 250–309.

    Brindley, M.D.H. (1929) On the repugnatorial glands of Corixa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 77, 7–13.

    Brindley, M.D.H. (1930) On the metasternal scent-glands of certain Heteroptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 78, 199–207.

    Brindley, M.D.H. (1934) On the metasternum and pleuron of Heteroptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 82, 43–50.

    Bruner, S.C. & Barber, H.G. (1947) List of the Pentatomidae of Cuba with the description of a new species (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural "Felipe Poey", 19, 155–165.

    Cachan, P. (1952a) Pyrrhocoridae de Madagascar. Mémoires de l’Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Série E, 1(1), 71–92.

    Cachan, P. (1952b) Les Pentatomidae de Madagascar (Hemipteres Hetropteres). Mémoires de l’Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Série E, 1(2), 231–462.

    Calam, D.H. & Scott, G.C. (1969) The scent gland complex of the adult cotton stainer bug, Dysdercus intermedius. Journal of Insect Physiology, 15, 1695–1702.

    Campos, L.A. & Grazia, J. (2006) Análise cladística e biogeografia de Ochlerini (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Discocephalinae). Iheringia, Série Zoologia, 96, 147–163.

    Campos, L.A., Grazia, J., Garbelotto, T. de A., Bianchi, F.M. & Lanzarini, N.C. (2010) A new South American species of Banasa Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae): from egg to adult. Zootaxa, 2559, 47–57.

    Carapezza, A. (2009) On some Old World Scutelleridae (Heteroptera). Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie, 25 (2008), 197–212.

    Carayon, J. (1950) Caractères anatomiques et position systématique des Hémiptères Nabidae (Note préliminaire). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 2e Série, 22, 95–101.

    Carayon, J. (1955) Quelques caractères anatomiques des Hémiptères Aradidés. Revue Française d’Entomologie, 22, 169–180 + 3 pls.

    Carayon, J. (1962) Observations sur l’appareil odorifique des Hétéroptères particulièrement celui des Tingidæ, Vianaididæ et Piesmatidæ. Cahieres des Naturalistes, N.S., 18, 1–16.

    Carayon, J. (1966) Metathoracic scent apparatus. Pp. 69–80. In: Usinger R.L. (ed.): Monograph of Cimicidae (Hemiptera—Heteroptera). The Thomas Say Foundation Volume VII. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, xi + 585 pp.

    Carayon, J. (1971) Notes et documents sur l’appareil odorant métathoracique des Hémiptères. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, N.S., 7, 737–770.

    Carayon, J. (1972) Caractères systématiques et classification des Anthocoridae [Hemipt.]. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, N.S., 8, 309–349.

    Carpintero, D.L. & Dellapé, P.M. (2006) Pehuenocoris, a new genus of Cardiastethini (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) from Southern Argentina and Chile (Patagonia). Zoological Science (Tokyo), 23, 1039–1042.

    Carpintero, D.L. & Dellapé, P.M. (2008) Rajburicoris, a new genus of Cardiastethini, and discussion of the systematic position of Dufouriellus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 48, 503–509.

    Carver, M. (1990) Integumental morphology of the ventral thoracic scent gland system of Poecilometis longicornis (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 19, 319–321.

    Carver, M., Gross, G.F. & Woodward, T.E. (eds.) (1991) Hemiptera (Bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, aphids, scale insects etc.). Pp. 429–509. In: CSIRO (eds.): The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers. Second edition. Volume 1. Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Victoria, xviii + 542 pp + 8 pls.

    Cassis, G. (1995) A reclassification and phylogeny of the Termatophylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Deraeocorinae), with a taxonomic revision of the Australian species, and a review of the tribal classification of the Deraeocorinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97, 258–330.

    Cassis, G. (2008) The Lattinova complex of austromirine plant bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 110, 845–939.

    Cassis, G., Schwartz, M.D. & Moulds, T. (2003) Systematics and new taxa of the Vannius complex (Hemiptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) from the Australian region. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 49, 123–151.

    Cassis, G. & Schuh, R.T. (2009) Systematic methods, fossils, and relationships within Heteroptera (Insecta). Cladistics, 26, 262–280.

    Cassis, G. & Vanags, L. (2006) Jewel bugs of Australia (Insecta, Heteroptera, Scutelleridae). Pp. 275–398. In: Rabitsch W. (ed.): Hug the bug—For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss. Denisia, 19, 1–1184.

    Cervantes Peredo, L. & Brailovsky, H. (2010) Ischnorhynchinae from Costa Rica (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Lygaeidae) with description of one new species of Kleidocerys. Florida Entomologist, 93, 357–362.

    China, W.E. (1955) A new genus and species representing a new subfamily of Plataspidae, with notes on the Aphylidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 8, 204–210.

    China, W.E. (1962) A new genus and species of Pentatomidae, Discocephalinae (Hemiptera Heteroptera) from S. Chile. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 13, 5, 57–60.

    China, W.E. & Sater, J.A. (1956) A new subfamily of Urostylidae from Borneo (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Pacific Science, 10, 410–414.

    Chopra, N.P. (1967) The higher classification of the family Rhopalidae (Hemiptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 119, 363–399.

    Choudhuri, D.K. & Das, K.K. (1970) The stink apparatus of the pentatomid bug, Halys dentata Fabricius, and its stink components. Proceedings of the Zoological Society (Calcutta), 23, 213–221.

    Choudhuri, D.K., Das, K.K. & Ghose, P. (1965) The structure and biochemical nature of the stink glands of Chrysocoris stolli Wolf (Heteroptera: Pentatomiidae) [sic!]. Indian Journal of Entomology, 27, 341–345.

    Cobben, R.H. (1968) Evolutionary trends in Heteroptera. Part I. Eggs, architecture of the shell, gross embryology and eclosion. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, 475 pp.

    Cobben, R.H. (1970) Morphology and taxonomy of intertidal dwarf-bugs (Heteroptera: Omaniidae fam. nov.). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 113, 61–90.

    Cobben, R.H. (1978) Evolutionary trends in Heteroptera. Part II. Mouthpart-structures and feeding strategies. Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool (Wageningen), 78(5), 1–407.

    Damgaard, J. (2008) Phylogeny of the semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha). Insect Systematics and Evolution, 39, 431–460.

    Davidová-Vilímová, J. (1993a) Jeffocoris gen.n.—a new podopine genus from Australia (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Records of the South Australian Museum, 26, 105–109.

    Davidová-Vilímová, J. (1993b) Revision of the Kundelungua (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae). European Journal of Entomology, 90, 159–175.

    Davidová-Vilímová, J. (1999) Review of the genus Tornosia Bolívar (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae), with the validation of T. brevispina Schouteden. African Entomology, 7, 113–121.

    Davidová-Vilímová, J., Nejedlá, M. & Schaefer, C.W. (2000) Dorso-abdominal scent glands and metathoracic evaporatoria in adults of central European Rhopalidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with a discussion of phylogeny and higher systematics. European Journal of Entomology, 97, 213–221.

    Dazzini Valcurone, M. & Pavan, M. (1978) Scent glands and defensive secretions of Rhynchota. Publicazioni dell’Instituto di Entomologia dell’Università di Pavia, 1978(5), 1–46.

    Derjanschi, V. & Péricart, J. (2006) Hémiptères Pentatomoidea Euro-Méditerranéens. Volume I. Faune de France. Vol. 90. Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles, Paris, 494 pp + 16 pls.

    Dethier, M. (1974) Les organes odoriférants métathoraciques des Cydnidae. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 72, 127–140.

    Dhiman, S.C. (1983) Metasternal scent glands of Lohita grandis Gray. Geobios New Reports, 2, 19–22.

    Dhiman, S.C. (1984) Studies on the metasternal scent glands of Metacanthus pulchellus Dall. Geobios New Reports, 3, 21–24.

    Dhiman, S.C. (1985) Metathoracic odoriferous glands of Cletus signatus Walk. (Heteroptera: Coreidae). Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 5, 79–81.

    Dhiman, S.C. (1986) Metathoracic scent glands of Iphita limbata Stal. (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoroidae [sic!]: Largidae). Annals of Zoology (Agra), 24, 35–40.

    Dhiman, S.C. (1988) Morphology of the metathoracic scent apparatus of Physopelta slanbuschi Fabr. (Heteroptera—Pyrrhocoroidea—Largidae). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India, Section B—Biological Sciences, 58, 373–377.

    Distant, W.L. (1902) Rhynchota.—Vol. I. (Heteroptera). In: Blanford W.T. (ed.): The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London, xxxviii + 438 pp.

    Distant, W.L. (1906) Oriental Heteroptera. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 50, 405–408.

    Dolling, W.R. (1981) A rationalized classification of the Burrower Bugs (Cydnidae). Systematic Entomology, 6, 61–76.

    Dolling, W.R. (1995) The systematic position of the genus Tahitocoris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 103, 409–411.

    Drake, C.J. & Davis, N.T. (1959) The morphology, phylogeny, and higher classification of the family Tingidae, including the description of a new genus and species of the subfamily Vianaidinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Entomologica Americana, 39, 1–100.

    Dufour, L. (1833) Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur les Hémiptères, accompagnées de considérations relatives a l’histoire naturelle et a la classification de ces insectes. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires de Séances de l’Académie des Sciences, 4, 129–462 + pls I–XIX.

    Dupuis, C. (1949) Les Asopinae de la faune Française [Hemiptera Pentatomidae]. Essai sommaire de synthèse morphologique, systématique et biologique. Revue Française d’Entomologie, 16, 233250.

    Durai, P.S.S. (1987) A revision of the Dinidoridae of the World (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Oriental Insects, 21, 163–360.

    Durak, D. (2008) Morphology and chemical composition of metathoracic scent glands in Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), 89, 193–199.

    Durak, D. & Kalender, Y. (2007a) Morphology and chemical analysis of the metathoracic scent glands of Coreus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heteroptera: Coreidae) from Turkey. Entomological News, 118, 227–234.

    Durak, D. & Kalender, Y. (2007b) Fine structure and chemical analysis of the metathoracic scent gland of Eurygaster maura (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Folia Biologica (Kraków), 55, 133–141.

    Durak, D. & Kalender, Y. (2007c) Fine structure and chemical analysis of the metathoracic scent glands Graphosoma semipunctatum (Fabricius, 1775) (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 1, 43–50.

    Durak, D. & Kalender, Y. (2009a) Fine structure and chemical analysis of the metathoracic scent gland secretion in Graphosoma lineatum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies, 332, 34–42.

    Durak, D. & Kalender, Y. (2009b) Scanning electron microscopic and chemical study of the metathoracic scent glands system of Rhaphigaster nebulosa (Poda, 1761) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 11, 21–29.

    Eger, J.E. (1978) Revision of the genus Loxa (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 86, 224–259.

    Eger, J.E. (1987) A review of the genus Tiridates Stål (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea: Scutelleridae). Florida Entomologist, 70, 339–350.

    Eger, J.E. (1990) Revision of the genus Polytes Stål (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 83, 115–141.

    Eger, J.E. (2008) A new genus and three new species of burrowing bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae: Amnestinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 110, 940–947.

    Eger, J.E. & Baranowski, R.M. (2002) Diolcus variegatus (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea: Scutelleridae), a Caribbean species established in South Florida. Florida Entomologist, 85, 267–269.

    Fain, A. (1970) Coreitarsonemus, un nouveau genre d’Acariens parasitant la glande odoriferante des Hémipteres Coreidae (Tarsonemidae: Trombiformes). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 82, 315–334.

    Fan, Zh.-H. & Liu, G.-Q. (2009) The genus Aenaria Stål, 1876 in China (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 34, 760–765.

    Fan, Zh.-H. & Liu, G.-Q. (2010) The genus Lelia Walker, 1876, with the description of one new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae). Zootaxa, 2512, 56–62.

    Farine, J.-P. (1988) The exocrine glands of Dysdercus cingulatus F. (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae): Morphology and function of adults’ glands. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, N.S., 24, 241–256.

    Faúndez, E.I. (2009) Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Acrophyma Bergroth, 1917 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae). Zootaxa, 2137, 57–65.

    Faúndez, E.I. & Verdejo, L.M. (2010) La singular morfología de Acledra haematopa (Spinola, 1852) dentro del género Acledra Signoret, 1864 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): un caso de mimetismo batesiano, con descripción de un nuevo subgénero. Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, 46, 77–82.

    Fernandes, J.A.M. & van Doesburg, P.H. (2000a) The E. dolichocera-group of Edessa Fabricius, 1803 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae). Zoological Mededelingen (Leiden), 73, 305–315.

    Fernandes, J.A.M. & van Doesburg, P.H. (2000b) The E. beckeri-group of Edessa Fabricius, 1803 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae). Zoological Mededelingen (Leiden), 74, 143–150.

    Fernandes, J.A.M. & Grazia, J. (1996) Revisão do gênero Hypatropis Bergroth, 1891 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 40, 341–352.

    Fernandes, J.A.M. & Grazia, J. (1998) Revision of the genus Tibraca Stål (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatominae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 15, 1049–1060.

    Fernandes, J.A.M. & Grazia, J. (2006) Revisão do gênero Antiteuchus Dallas (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Discocephalinae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 50, 165–231.

    Fernandes, J.A.M., Grazia, J. & Lobo, D.S. (2008) Revision of the genus Psorus Bergroth, 1914 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Discocephalinae). Zootaxa, 1696, 48–56.

    Ferrari, A., Schwertner, C.F. & Grazia, J. (2010) Review, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Nezara Amyot & Serville (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa, 2424, 1–41.

    Filshie, B.K. & Waterhouse, D.F. (1968) The fine structure of the lateral scent glands of the green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). Journal de Microscopie, 7, 231–244 + pls. i–vii.

    Filshie, B.K. & Waterhouse, D.F. (1969) The structure and development of a surface pattern on the cuticle of the green vegetable bug Nezara viridula. Tissue & Cell, 1, 367–385.

    Fischer, C. (1996) On the systematic position of Pseudobebaeus goyazensis Distant, 1911 within the Pentatomoidea (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitung, 43, 83–87.

    Forero, D. (2008) The systematics of the Hemiptera. Revista Colombiana de Entomología, 34, 1–21.

    Forero, D. (2009) Revision of the genus Carvalhomiris (Hemiptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae). Entomologica Americana, 115, 115–142.

    Freeman, P. (1939) A contribution to the study of the genus Calidea Laporte (Hemipt.-Heteropt., Pentatomidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 88, 139–159.

    Freeman, P. (1940) A contribution to the study of the genus Nezara Amyot & Serville (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 90, 351–374.

    Froeschner, R.C. (1960) Cydnidae of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 111, 337–680.

    Froeschner, R.C. (1976) The burrowing bugs of Hawaii, with description of a new species (Hemiptera: Cydnidae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 22, 229–236.

    Froeschner, R.C. (1981) Elsiella, a new genus for Ebora plana Walker, 1867 (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 83, 532–536.

    Froeschner, R.C. (1995) Rolstonus rolstoni, new genus and new species of Acanthosomatidae from Argentina (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea: Ditomotarsini). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 103, 360–363.

    Froeschner, R.C. (1999) Revision of the South American genus Hellica Stål (Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 107, 164–170.

    Froeschner, R.C. & Maldonado-Capriles, J. (1992) A synopsis of burrowing bugs of Puerto Rico with description of new species Melanaethus wolcotti (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 76, 177–185.

    Furth, D.G. (1974) The stink bugs of Ohio (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey, 5(1), 1–60.

    Gao, C.-Q. & Bu, W.-J. (2009) Notes on fine structures of Chauliops with descriptions of two new species from China (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Malcidae). Zootaxa, 2295, 1–14.

    Gapon, D.A. (2008) New subtribes and a new genus of Podopini (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Podopinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 48, 523–532.

    Gapud, V.P. (1991) A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Philippine Entomologist, 8, 865–961.

    Ghauri, M.S.K. (1962) A preliminary revision of the little-known genus Critheus Stål (Pentatomidae, Heteroptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 13, 5, 407–415.

    Ghauri, M.S.K. (1975) Jugalpada—a new genus of Halyini (Pentatomidae, Heteroptera). Journal of Natural History, 9, 629–632.

    Ghauri, M.S.K. (1977) A revision of Apodiphus Spinola (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 67, 97–106.

    Ghauri, M.S.K. (1982) New genera and new species of Halyini, mainly from South India (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatominae). Reichenbachia, 20, 1–24.

    Ghauri, M.S.K. (1988) A revision of the Asian species of the genus Halys Fabricius based on the type material (Insecta, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatominae). Reichenbachia, 51, 77–92.

    Gilby, A.R. & Waterhouse D.F. (1967) Secretions from the lateral scent glands of the Green Vegetable Bug, Nezara viridula. Nature (London), 216, 90–91.

    Grazia, J. (1968) Sobre o gênero “Chloropepla” Stal, 1867, com a descrição de uma nova espécie (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatominae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 28, 193–206.

    Grazia, J. (1997) Cladistic analysis of the Evoplitus genus group of Pentatomini (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of Comparative Biology, 2, 43–48.

    Grazia, J. & Barcellos, A. (1994) Neotibilis, um novo gênero de Pentatomini (Heteroptera). Iheringia, Série Zoologia, 76, 55–94.

    Grazia, J. & Barcellos, A. (2004) Pentatomiana beckerae gen. nov., a new Neotropical Pentatomini (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 21, 283–285.

    Grazia, J., Campos, L.A. & Becker, M. (1993) Revisão do gênero Evoplitus Amyot & Serville (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatomini).Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 37, 41–48.

    Grazia, J., Campos, L.A. & Becker, M. (2000) Revision of Cataulax Spinola, with Architas Distant as a new synonymy (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalini).Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil, 29, 475–488.

    Grazia, J., Fernandes, J.A.M. & Schwertner, C.F. (1999) Stysiana, a new genus and four new species of Pentatomini (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of the Neotropical region. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 63, 71–83.

    Grazia, J. & Frey-da-Silva, A. (2003) Rideriana amazonica gen. nov. and sp. nov. of Pentatomini (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 20, 507–510.

    Grazia, J., Schuh, R.T. & Wheeler, W.C. (2008a) Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera). Cladistics, 24, 1–45.

    Grazia, J., Schwertner, C.F. & Ferrari, A. (2006) Description of five new species of Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatominae) from western and northwestern South America. Pp. 423–434. In: Rabitsch W. (ed.): Hug the bug—For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss. Denisia, 19, 1–1184.

    Grazia, J., Schwertner, C.F. & Greve, C. (2008b) Two new species of the genus Chloropepla (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 48, 533–542.

    Gross, G.F. (1975) Plant-feeding and other bugs (Hemiptera) of South Australia. Heteroptera—Part I. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia, Handbooks Committee of the South Australian Government, 250 pp.

    Gross, G.F. (1978) The genus Bathycoelia A & S in New Guinea and Prytanicoris gen.nov. from the New Guinea area and the New Hebrides (Heteroptera-Pentatomidae-Pentatominae). Records of the South Australian Museum, 17, 417–428.

    Grozeva, S. & Kerzhner, I.M. (1992) On the phylogeny of Aradid subfamilies (Heteroptera, Aradidae). Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 38, 199–205.

    Gupta, A.P. (1961) A critical review of the studies on the so-called stink or repugnatorial glands of Heteroptera with further comments. Canadian Entomologist, 93, 482–486.

    Gupta, A.P. (1964) Scent-apparatus morphology of Leptocorisa costalis H. S. (Heteroptera: Coreidae), with comments on glandular secretions in Heteroptera. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 72, 144–151.

    Hamid, A. & Abbasi, Q.A. (1972) Phyllocephalinae Amyot and Serville, 1843 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) of West Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 4, 173–183.

    Hasan, S.A. (1990a) Fine structure of external scent glands system in pentatomines (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 22, 167–170.

    Hasan, S.A. (1990b) A revision of the genus Eysarcoris Hahn (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) with description of three new species from Indo-Malayan subregion. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 10, 129–137.

    Hasan, S.A. (1991) A revision of the genus Antestia Stål (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) from the Malayan subregion with description of four new species. Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae, 205, 1–23.

    Hasan, S.A. & Afzal, M. (1990) Studies on the genus Dolycoris Mulsant et Rey (Pentatomidae: Carpocorini) with description of four new species from Pakistan. Biologia (Lahore), 36, 57–61.

    Hasan, S.A., Afzal, M. & Ahmad, I. (1985) Comparative studies of pterothoracic sclerites of some aquatic and semi-aquatic bugs of Pakistan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with special reference to scent gland apparatus and associated structures. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 5, 177–183.

    Hasan, S.A. & Kitching, I.J. (1993) A cladistic analysis of the tribes of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera). Japanese Journal of Entomology, 61, 651–669.

    Henrici, H. (1940) Die Hautdrüsen der Landwanzen (Geocorisae), ihre mikroskopische Anatomie, ihre Histologie und Entwicklung. Teil II. Die thorakalen Stinkdrüsen. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 66, 371–402.

    Henry, T.J. (1995) Proboscidotylus carvalhoi, a new genus and species of sexually dimorphic plant bug from Mexico (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97, 340–345.

    Henry, T.J. (1996) Two new genera and two new species of New World stilt bugs (Heteroptera: Berytidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 98, 533–540.

    Henry, T.J. (1997a) Phylogenetic analysis of family groups within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with emphasis on the Lygaeoidea. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 90, 275–301.

    Henry, T.J. (1997b) Cladistic analysis and revision of the stilt bug genera of the world (Heteroptera: Berytidae).Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 30(1), 1–100.

    Henry, T.J. (2006) Izyacapsus (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae), a new ceratocapsine plant bug genus established to accommodate two new species from México. Russian Entomological Journal, 15, 163–170.

    Hepburn, H.R. & Yonke, T.R. (1971) The metathoracic scent glands of Coreoid Heteroptera. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 44, 187–210.

    Hoberlandt, L. (1959) Hemiptera-Heteroptera from Iran, II. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 33, 497–523.

    Hoberlandt, L. (1984) Heteroptera of Afghanistan. Acanthosomatidae, Cydnidae, Scutelleridae and Pentatomidae. Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 17, 69–127.

    Hoberlandt, L. (1997) Results of the Czechoslovak-Iranian entomological expeditions to Iran 1970, 1973 and 1977. Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae, Cydnidae, Scutelleridae, Pentatomidae. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 44 (1995), 181–293.

    Hoberlandt, L. & Safavi, M. (1981) Results of the Czechoslovak-Iranian entomological expeditions to Iran. Heteroptera: Pentatomidae, Phyllocephalinae. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 40, 33–43 + 2 pls.

    Hoffman, R.L. (1971) The Insects of Virginia: No. 4. Shield bugs (Hemiptera; Scutelleroidea: Scutelleridae, Corimelaenidae, Cydnidae, Pentatomidae). Research Division Bulletin, 67, 1–61.

    Horváth, G. (1900) Analecta ad cognitionem Tessaratominorum. Természetrajzi Füzetek, 23, 339–374.

    Hsiao, T.-Y. (1964) (New species and new record of Hemiptera–Heteroptera from China). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 1, 283–292 (in Chinese, English summary).

    Imura, J. & Ishikawa, T. (2009) A review of Schiodtella formosana, with some remarks on the genus Schiodtella and description of a Japanese new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Zootaxa, 2315, 19–30.

    Jacobs, D.H. (1989) A new species of Thaumastella with notes on the morphology, biology and distribution of the two southern African species (Heteroptera: Thaumastellidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa, 52, 301–316.

    Johansson, A.S. (1957) The functional anatomy of the metathoracic scent glands of the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae). Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 10, 95–109.

    Johansson, A.S. & Bråten, T. (1970) Cuticular morphology of the scent gland areas of some Heteropterans. Entomologica Scandinavica, 1, 258–262.

    Kamaluddin, S. & Ahmad, I. (1988a) Studies on the external morphology of Nazeeriana sindellus Ahmad and Kamaluddin (Pentatomidae: Phyllocephalinae: Phyllocephalini) and its bearing on the relationships of the group. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 4, 321–348.

    Kamaluddin, S. & Ahmad, I. (1988b) A revision of the tribe Phyllocephalini (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Phyllocephalinae) from Indo-Pakistan subcontinent with description of five new species. Oriental Insects, 22, 185–240.

    Kamaluddin, S. & Ahmad, I. (1994) Cladistic analysis of the tribe Phyllocephalini Amyot and Serville (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Phyllocephalinae) from Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. Proceedings of the Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 14, 89–96.

    Kamaluddin, S. & Ahmad, I. (1997) A new tribe of the subfamily Phyllocephalinae Amyot et Serville (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Indo-Pakistan sub-continent and their relationships. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 44 (1995), 321–326.

    Khanna, S. (1963a) Skeletal system of the thorax of Dysdercus koenigii (Fabr.). (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae). Indian Journal of Entomology, 25, 63–84.

    Khanna, S. (1963b) The stink glands of Dysdercus koenigii (Fabr.) (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae). Naturwissenschaften, 50, 736–737.

    Kitamura, C., Wakamura, S. & Takahashi, Sh. (1984) Identification and functions of ventral glands secretion of some Heteroptera. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 19, 33–41.

    Kment, P. (2005) Revision of Mahea Distant, 1909, with a review of the Acanthosomatidae (Insecta: Heteroptera) of Madagascar and Seychelles. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 45, 21–50.

    Kment, P. (2008) A revision of the endemic Madagascan genus Triplatyx (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 48, 543–582.

    Kment, P. & Jindra, Z. (2009) A revision of Tripanda and Tenerva (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae). Zootaxa, 1978, 1–47.

    Kment, P. & Vilímová, J. (2010) Thoracic scent efferent system of the Tessaratomidae sensu lato (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with reference to the phylogeny of the family. Zootaxa, 2363, 1–59.

    Kocorek, A. (2000) Megymenum lisi and M. megaspinosum, two new species of Oriental Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae). Genus, 11, 113–117.

    Kocorek, A. (2003) Coridius pseudoflavomarginatus sp.n. from Madagascar and new records for some other species of the family Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 72, 51–55.

    Kocorek, A. (2004) Byrsodepsus zetteli, a new species of dinidorid bugs from India (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 73, 323–326.

    Kocorek, A. & Lis, J.A. (2000) A cladistic revision of the Megymeninae of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 69, 7–30.

    Kocorek, A. & Lis, J.A. (2008) Megymenum sumatranum, a new dinidorid species from Sumatra (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae). Genus, 19, 21–25.

    Kormilev, N.A. (1955) La subfamilia Cyrtocorinae Distant en la Argentina, (Hemiptera Pentatomoidae [sic!]). Revista Ecuatoriana de Entomologia y Parasitologia, 2(3–4) (1954–1955), 321–334 + 2 pls.

    Kormilev, N.A. (1956) Notas sobre Pentatomoidea Neotropicales IV (Hemiptera). Acta Scientifica de los Institutos de Investigación de San Miguel, 3, 1–12 + 1 pl.

    Krall, B.S., Zilkowski, B.W., Kight, S.L., Bartelt, R.J. & Whitman, D.W. (1997) Chemistry and defensive efficacy of secretion of burrowing bug (Sehirus cinctus cinctus). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23, 1951–1962.

    Krall, B.S., Bartelt, R.J., Lewis, C.J. & Whitman, D.W. (1999) Chemical defense in the stink bug Cosmopepla bimaculata. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 25, 2477–2494.

    Kumar, R. (1974a) A revision of world Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea): Keys to and descriptions of subfamilies, tribes and genera, with designation of types. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 34, 1–60.

    Kumar, R. (1974b) A key to the genera of Natalicolinae Horvath, with the description of a new species of Tessaratominae Stål and with new synonymy (Pentatomoidea: Heteroptera). Journal of Natural History, 8, 675–679.

    Künckel d’Herculais, M.J. (1895) Étude comparée des appareils odorifiques dans les différents groupes d’Hémiptères hétéroptères. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires de Séances de l’Académie des Sciences, 120, 1002–1004.

    Lansbury, I. (1965) A revision of the Stenocephalidae Dallas 1852 (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 101, 52–92.

    Larivière, M.-C. (1992) Description of Parabrochymena, new genus, and redefinition and review of Brochymena Amyot and Audinet-Serville (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), with considerations on natural history, chorological affinities, and evolutionary relationships. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 163, 1–75.

    Larivière, M.-C. (1995) Cydnidae, Acanthosomatidae, and Pentatomidae (Insecta: Heteroptera): Systematics, geographical distribution, and bioecology. Fauna of New Zealand, N. 35. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, 109 pp.

    Larivière, M.-C. & Froeschner, R.C. (1994) Chilocoris neozealandicus, a new species of burrowing bug from New Zealand (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 21, 245–248.

    Larivière, M.-C. & Larochelle, A. (2006) An overview of flat bug genera (Hemiptera, Aradidae) from New Zealand, with considerations on faunal diversification and affinities. Pp. 181–214. In: Rabitsch W., (ed.): Hug the bug—For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss. Denisia, 19, 1–1184.

    Larsén, O. (1945) Der Thorax der Heteropteren Skelett und Muskulatur. Lunds Universitets Årsskrift, N. F., Avd. 2, 41(3), 1–96 + 14 pls.

    Leela Kumari, S.J. & Janaiah, C. (1985) Histo-morphology and chemical constituents of metathoracic scent glands of a bug, Tessaratoma javanica. Pp. 47–51. Proceedings of the 6th National Symposium on Life Sciences, 17–19 January, 1985 Tirupati.

    Leela Kumari, S.J., Janaiah, C. & Chari, N. (1984) Structure and volatile constituents of metathoracic scent glands of a pentatomid bug, Chrysocoris purpureus (Westw.). Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 4, 156–161.

    Leston, D. (1952a) Notes on the Ethiopian Pentatomidae (Hem.) III: The genus Aegaleus Stål. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 88, 16–17.

    Leston, D. (1952b) Notes on the Ethiopian Pentatomidae (Hemiptera).– VI. Some insects in the Hope Departement, Oxford. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 893–904.

    Leston, D. (1953) „Phloeidae“ Dallas: systematics and morphology, with remarks on the phylogeny of „Pentatomoidea“ Leach and upon the position of „Serbana“ Distant (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biología, 13, 121–140.

    Leston, D. (1954) Notes on the Ethiopian Pentatomoidea (Hem.): XVII, Tessaratominae, Dinidorinae and Phyllocephalinae of Angola. Publicações Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 24, 11–22.

    Leston, D. (1955) A key to the genera of Oncomerini Stål (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae, Tessaratominae), with the description of the new genus and species from Australia and new synonymy. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London (B), 24, 62–68.

    Leston, D. & Scudder, G.G.E. (1957) The taxonomy of the bronze orange bug and related Australian Oncomerinae (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 10, 911–918.

    Linnavuori, R.E. (1970) A new species of the genus Caura St. (Het., Pentatomidae). Annales Entomologici Fennici, 36, 115–117.

    Linnavuori, R.E. (1975) Hemiptera of the Sudan, with remarks on some species of the adjacent countries 5. Pentatomidae. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Ciências Naturais, 2.A Série, 15, 5–128.

    Linnavuori, R.E. (1982) Pentatomidae and Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera) of Nigeria and the Ivory Coast, with remarks on species of the adjacent countries in West and Central Africa. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 163, 1–176.

    Linnavuori, R.E. (1993) Cydnidae of West, Central and North-East Africa (Heteroptera). Acta Zoologica Fennica, 192, 1–148.

    Lis, J.A. (1990a) New genera, new species, new records and checklist of the Old World Dinidoridae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum, Entomology, 1, 103–147.

    Lis, J.A. (1990b) Studies on the Oriental Cydnidae. I. A revision of the genus Scoparipes Signoret, 1879 (Heteroptera). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum, Entomology, 1, 159–192.

    Lis, J.A. (1990c) Studies on the Oriental Cydnidae (Heteroptera) II. Three new genera and species. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 41, 223–229.

    Lis, J.A. (1991a) Studies on the Oriental Cydnidae. V. Three new species of the genus Macroscytus Fieber (Heteroptera). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum, Entomology, 2, 209–215.

    Lis, J.A. (1991b) Studies on the Oriental Cydnidae. VII. Stibaropus Dallas and Pseudostibaropus n. gen. (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Genus, 2, 313–325.

    Lis, J.A. (1993a) A review of the tribe Amaurocorini E. Wagner, with remarks on its systematic position within the family (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum, Entomology, 4, 59–78.

    Lis, J.A. (1993b) On Byrsinus Fieber and Microporus Uhler, two alied cydnid genera (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum, Entomology, 4, 79–98.

    Lis, J.A. (1994) A revision of Oriental burrower bugs (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom, 349 pp.

    Lis, J.A. (1996a) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Cydnus F., 1803 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 32, 403–409.

    Lis, J.A. (1996b) A review of burrower bugs of the Australian Region, with a discussion on the distribution of the genera (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Genus, 7, 177–238.

    Lis, J.A. (1999a) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cephalocteinae with a reference to their historical biogeography (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 68, 111–131.

    Lis, J.A. (1999b) Blaena tamasi sp. n. from Western Australia, the first species of Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with staphylinoid wing modification. European Journal of Entomology, 96, 53–55.

    Lis, J.A. (2000a) Cydnotomus—a new Australian burrower bug genus, with two new species (Heteroptera, Cydnidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 47, 137–141.

    Lis, J.A. (2000b) A revision of the burrower-bug genus Macroscytus Fieber, 1860 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Genus, 11, 359–509.

    Lis, J.A. (2001) Prolactistes australis gen. n. and sp. nov. from Australia, with remarks on its systematic position within the family (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Annales Zoologici (Warszawa), 51, 103–107.

    Lis, J.A. (2006) Heissocteus ernsti nov. gen. et nov. sp. (Heteroptera, Cydnidae) from Zambia. Pp. 505–507. In: Rabitsch, W. (ed.): Hug the bug—For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss. Denisia, 19, 1–1184.

    Lis, J.A. & Lis, B. (2008) Lactistes obesipes Signoret, 1879 (Hemiptera: Cydnidae)—the burrower bug enigma: redescription, synonymy, and remarks on its distribution and taxonomic status. Zootaxa, 1933, 66–68.

    Lis, J.A. & Lis, B. (2010) Teabooma secunda (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae)—a new species of a New Caledonian endemic genus, with a redescription of T. princecps Distant. Zootaxa, 2543, 64–68.

    Livingstone, D. (1969) The morphology and biology of Tingis buddleiae Drake (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Part XII. Functional anatomy of the legs and the metathoracic stink apparatus. Agra University Journal of Research (Science), 18, 29–46.

    Lucchi, A. (1996) The scent gland system of Nezara viridula (L.) (Rhynchota, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). IV. The metathoracic scent-apparatus. Frustula Entomologica, N.S., 19, 110–119.

    Lucchi, A. & Solinas, M. (1990) The scent gland system of Nezara viridula (L.) (Rhynchota, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). I.—The adult dorsal abdominal glands. Frustula Entomologica, N.S., 13, 237–263.

    Malouf, N.S.R. (1932) The skeletal motor mechanism of the thorax of the “stink bug”, Nezara viridula L. Bulletin de la Société Royale Entomologique d’Egypte, 1932, 161–203 + pls. XIII–XVIII.

    Malouf, N.S.R. (1933) Studies on the internal anatomy of the “stink bug”, Nezara viridula L. Bulletin de la Société Royale Entomologique d’Egypte, 1933, 96–119 + pls. I–VII.

    Matsuda, R. (1970) Morphology and evolution of the insect thorax. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 76, 1–431.

    Mayer, P. (1874) Anatomie von Pyrrhocoris apterus L. Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und Wissenschaftliche Medizin, 7, 313–347 + pls. vii–ix.

    Mayroga Martinez, C. (2002) Revisión genérica de la familia Cydnidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) en México, con un listado de las especies conocidas. Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Serie Zoología, 73, 157–192.

    Mayroga Martinez, C. & Cervantes Peredo, L. (2005) Description of six new species of Amnestus Dallas (Hemiptera–Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 113, 159–173.

    McAtee, W.L. & Malloch, J.R. (1928) Synopsis of pentatomid bugs of the subfamilies Megaridinae and Canopinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 72(25), 1–21 + 2 pls.

    McAtee, W.L. & Malloch, J.R. (1933) Revision of the subfamily Thyreocorinae of the Pentatomidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 21, 191–411 + 17 pls + pp. i–v.

    McDonald, F.J.D. (1969) A new species of Lestoniidae (Hemiptera). Pacific Insects, 11, 187–190.

    McDonald, F.J.D. (1974) Revision of the genus Holcostethus in North America (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 82, 245–258.

    McDonald, F.J.D. (1976) Revision of the genus Trichopepla (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 84, 9–22.

    McDonald, F.J.D. (1979) A new species of Megaris and the status of the Megarididae McAtee & Malloch and Canopidae Amyot & Serville (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 87, 42–54.

    McDonald, F.J.D. (1982) Lojus asperus, a new genus and species (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 75, 327–329.

    McDonald, F.J.D. (1984) Revision of Arocera Spinola (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 92, 97–120.

    McDonald, F.J.D. (1986) Revision of Cosmopepla Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 94, 1–15.

    McDonald, F.J.D. (1988) A revision of Cantao Amyot and Serville (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae). Oriental Insects, 22, 287–299.

    McDonald, F.J.D. (1992a) Revision of Munduala Distant in Australia (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 31, 165–169.

    McDonald, F.J.D. (1992b) Cephaloplatus elegans sp. n. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Australia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 31,