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Supplementary Figures S1-S4 from RARγ Downregulation Contributes to Colorectal Tumorigenesis and Metastasis by Derepressing the Hippo–Yap Pathway

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posted on 2023-03-30, 23:28 authored by Peng-Da Guo, Xing-Xing Lu, Wen-Juan Gan, Xiu-Ming Li, Xiao-Shun He, Shen Zhang, Qing-Hua Ji, Feng Zhou, Yue Cao, Jing-Ru Wang, Jian-Ming Li, Hua Wu

The degree of RARγ depletion in CRC cells (S1);Knockdown of RARγ enhances CRC cell proliferation (S2); Overexpression of RARγ inhibits CRC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo(S3); Cytoplasmic RARγ colocalizes with Yap in CRC cells (S4).

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province

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ARTICLE ABSTRACT

The Hippo–Yap pathway conveys oncogenic signals, but its regulation during cancer development is not well understood. Here, we identify the nuclear receptor RARγ as a regulator of the Hippo–Yap pathway in colorectal tumorigenesis and metastasis. RARγ is downregulated in human colorectal cancer tissues, where its expression correlates inversely with tumor size, TNM stage, and distant metastasis. Functional studies established that silencing of RARγ drove colorectal cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastatic properties both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RARγ controlled Hippo–Yap signaling to inhibit colorectal cancer development, acting to promote phosphorylation and binding of Lats1 to its transcriptional coactivator Yap and thereby inactivating Yap target gene expression. In clinical specimens, RARγ expression correlated with overall survival outcomes and expression of critical Hippo–Yap pathway effector molecules in colorectal cancer patients. Collectively, our results defined RARγ as tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer that acts by restricting oncogenic signaling by the Hippo–Yap pathway, with potential implications for new approaches to colorectal cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3813–25. ©2016 AACR.

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    Cancer Research

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    Keywords

    Cell CycleSignal transduction pathwaysGastrointestinal CancersColorectal cancer

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