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ナノインデンテーション法によるLOCA模擬試験後ジルカロイ被覆管の機械特性評価(共同研究)

Mechanical property evaluation of Zircaloy cladding tube after LOCA-simulated experiment using nanoindentation method (Joint research)

垣内 一雄 ; 宇田川 豊  ; 山内 紹裕*

Kakiuchi, Kazuo; Udagawa, Yutaka; Yamauchi, Akihiro*

冷却材喪失事故(LOCA)時想定される被覆管脆化の主たる要因は、高温酸化に伴う金属層中酸素濃度の増大とこれに起因する微細組織の変化である。被覆管が破裂した場合には、燃料棒内に侵入した水蒸気によって生じる被覆管内面の酸化及びこれに伴う燃料棒内水素分圧の上昇の結果、破裂開口部からやや離れた軸方向位置で局所的な水素吸収が起こり(二次水素化)、二次水素化部では水素脆化による延性低下も重畳する。これら微細組織の変化がLOCA条件下における燃料棒の機械特性に及ぼす影響をより詳細かつ定量的に把握するため、LOCA模擬試験後試料の破裂開口部及び二次水素化部の延性評価にナノインデンテーション法を適用した。硬さやヤング率に加えて、押込み荷重-変位曲線から算出される塑性仕事割合を評価したところ、二次水素化部の金属層(prior-$$beta$$相)における塑性仕事割合は、被覆管外周のZrO$$_{2}$$層と$$alpha$$-Zr(O)層に近い水準であり、破裂開口部に比べて酸素濃度が低いにもかかわらず、水素の影響により有意に延性が低下していることが示唆された。

The primary cause of cladding embrittlement during loss-of-cool ant accident (LOCA) is the increase in oxygen concentration in the metallic layer and associated microstructural change due to oxidation. In the case of cladding high temperature rupture, inner surface oxidation by the steam ingress and the consequent increase in hydrogen partial pressure result in hydrogen absorption (secondary hydriding) localized in the axial direction at the distance apart from the rupture opening as is well known from preceding studies. In order to understand the effect of cladding microstructural changes on mechanical property of a fuel rod under LOCA conditions in a more precise and quantitative manner, the nanoindentation method has been applied to evaluation of mechanical properties of a cladding specimen after a LOCA simulated test; results for two samples taken from the rupture opening part and secondary hydriding part were compared with each other. The fraction of plastic work during the indentation was evaluated from the load-displacement curve in addition to hardness and Young's modulus. The plastic work fraction at the secondary hydriding part was found to be clearly lower than that at the rupture opening part and rather close to that in the ZrO$$_{2}$$ and $$alpha$$-Zr(O) layers, suggesting the significant ductility reduction of the secondary hydriding part despite its relatively low oxygen concentration.

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