ABSTRACT
We describe a novel method for node localization in a sensor network where there are a fraction of reference nodes with known locations. For application-specific sensor networks, we argue that it makes sense to treat localization through online distributed learning and integrate it with an application task such as target tracking. We propose distributed online algorithm in which sensor nodes use geometric constraints induced by both radio connectivity and sensing to decrease the uncertainty of their position. The sensing constraints, which are caused by a commonly sensed moving target, are usually tighter than connectivity based constraints and lead to a decrease in average localization error over time. Different sensing models, such as radial binary detection and distance-bound estimation, are considered. First, we demonstrate our approach by studying a simple scenario in which a moving beacon broadcasts its own coordinates to the nodes in its vicinity. We then generalize this to the case when instead of a beacon, there is a moving target with a-priori unknown coordinates. The algorithms presented are fully distributed and assume only local information exchange between neighboring nodes. Our results indicate that the proposed method can be used to signicantly enhance the accuracy in position estimation, even when the fraction of reference nodes is small. We compare the efficiency of the distributed algorithms to the case when node positions are estimated using centralized (convex) programming. Finally, simulations using the TinyOS-Nido platform are used to study the performance in more realistic scenarios.
- D. Estrin et al. Embedded, Everywhere: A Research Agenda for Networked Systems of Embedded Computers, National Research Council Report, 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nirupama Bulusu, John Heidemann and Deborah Estrin, "GPS-less Low Cost Outdoor Localization For Very Small Devices," IEEE Personal Communications, Special Issue on Smart Spaces and Environments, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 28--34, October 2000.Google Scholar
- Nirupama Bulusu, John Heidemann and Deborah Estrin, "Adaptive Beacon Placement," Proceedings of the Twenty First International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS-21), Phoenix, Arizona, April 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- V. Cevher and J. H. McClellan, "Sensor array calibration via tracking with the extended Kalman fllter," 2001 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 5, pp. 2817--2820, 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- L. Doherty, K. S. J. Pister, and L. El Ghaoui, "Convex position estimation in wireless sensor networks," Infocom 2001, Anchorage, AK, 2001.Google Scholar
- P. Bergamo, G. Mazzini, "Localization in Sensor Networks with Fading and Mobility," IEEE PIMRC 2002, Lisbon, Portugal, September 15-18, 2002.Google Scholar
- "Distributed Localization in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks," Memo. No. UCB/ERL M02/26, 2002. Available online at (http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/464015.html).Google Scholar
- Andreas Savvides, Chih-Chieh Han, Mani B. Srivastava, "Dynamic ne-grained localization in Ad-Hoc networks of sensors," Mobicom 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Savvides, H. Park and M. Srivastava, "The bits and ops of the N-hop multilateration primitive for node localization problems," WSNA '02, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jeffrey Hightower and Gaetano Borriello, "Location Systems for Ubiquitous Computing," Computer, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 57-66, IEEE Computer Society Press, Aug. 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Levis et al. "TOSSIM: Accurate and Scalable Simulation of Entire TinyOS Applications," Proceedings of the First ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys 2003), November 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Distributed online localization in sensor networks using a moving target
Recommendations
Distributed Localization Using a Moving Beacon in Wireless Sensor Networks
The localization of sensor nodes is a fundamental problem in sensor networks and can be implemented using powerful and expensive beacons. Beacons, the fewer the better, can acquire their position knowledge either from GPS devices or by virtue of being ...
Computational intelligence based localization of moving target nodes using single anchor node in wireless sensor networks
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have tremendous ability to interact and collect data from the physical world. The main challenges for WSNs regarding performance are data computation, prolong lifetime, routing, task scheduling, security, deployment and ...
Decentralized Consensus Based Target Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks
Target localization is an attractive subject for modern systems that utilize different types of distributed sensors for location based services such as navigation, public transport, retail services and so on. Target localization could be performed in ...
Comments