Abstract
Over the past two decades, many toolkits for prototyping interactive and ubiquitous electronic devices have been developed. Although their technical specifications are often easy to look up, they vary greatly in terms of design, features and target audience, resulting in very real strengths and weaknesses depending on the intended application. These less technical characteristics are often reported inconsistently, if at all. In this paper we provide a comprehensive survey of interactive and ubiquitous device prototyping toolkits, systematically analysing their characteristics within the framework of a new taxonomy that we present. In addition to the specific characteristics we cover, we introduce a way to evaluate toolkits more holistically, covering user needs such as 'ease of construction' and 'ease of moving from prototype to product' rather than features. We also present results from an online survey which offers new insights on how the surveyed users prioritize these characteristics during prototyping, and what techniques they use to move beyond prototyping. We hope our analysis will be valuable for others in the community who need to build and potentially scale out prototypes as part of their research. We end by identifying gaps that have not yet been addressed by existing offerings and discuss opportunities for future research into electronics prototyping toolkits.
Supplemental Material
Available for Download
Supplemental movie, appendix, image and software files for, A Survey and Taxonomy of Electronics Toolkits for Interactive and Ubiquitous Device Prototyping
- Adafruit 2021. Adafruit Industries, Unique & fun DIY electronics and kits. https://www.adafruit.com/ Accessed: 2020-09-17.Google Scholar
- Adafruit 2021. Breakout Boards. https://www.adafruit.com/category/42 Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Adafruit BNO055 2021. Adafruit 9-DOF Absolute Orientation IMU Fusion Breakout - BNO055. https://www.adafruit.com/product/2472 Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Adafruit Feather 2021. Feather - A complete line of development boards from Adafruit that are both standalone and stackable. https://www.adafruit.com/feather Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Adafruit Flora 2021. FLORA - Wearable electronic platform. https://learn.adafruit.com/getting-started-with-flora Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Adafruit Gemma 2021. Adafruit GEMMA v2 - Miniature wearable electronic platform. https://learn.adafruit.com/introducing-gemma Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Adafruit MPR121 2021. Adafruit 12-Key Capacitive Touch Sensor Breakout - MPR121. https://www.adafruit.com/product/1982 Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Adafruit Stemma 2021. What is STEMMA? https://learn.adafruit.com/introducing-adafruit-stemma-qt Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Harshit Agrawal, Udayan Umapathi, Robert Kovacs, Johannes Frohnhofen, Hsiang-Ting Chen, Stefanie Mueller, and Patrick Baudisch. 2015. Protopiper: Physically Sketching Room-Sized Objects at Actual Scale. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology (Charlotte, NC, USA, 2015-11-05) (UIST '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 427--436. https://doi.org/10.1145/2807442.2807505Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alchitry 2021. Alchitry homepage. https://alchitry.com/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Arduino 2021. Arduino homepage. https://www.arduino.cc/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Arduino MKR Vidor 2021. Arduino MKR Vidor 4000 product page. https://store.arduino.cc/arduino-mkr-vidor-4000 Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Arduino Shields 2021. Arduino Playground: Arduino-Compatible Hardware. https://playground.arduino.cc/Main/SimilarBoards Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Jonny Austin, Howard Baker, Thomas Ball, James Devine, Joe Finney, Peli De Halleux, Steve Hodges, Michał Moskal, and Gareth Stockdale. 2020. The BBC micro:bit: from the U.K. to the world. Commun. ACM 63, 3 (2020), 62--69. https://doi.org/10.1145/3368856Google ScholarDigital Library
- Massimo Banzi. 2008. Getting Started with Arduino (ill ed.). Make Books - Imprint of: O'Reilly Media, California, CA, USA.Google Scholar
- BASIC Stamp 2021. Parallax Inc BASIC Stamp products. https://www.parallax.com/product-category/basic-stamp/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Ayah Bdeir. 2009. Electronics as material: littleBits. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction (Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2009-02-16) (TEI '09). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 397--400. https://doi.org/10.1145/1517664.1517743Google ScholarDigital Library
- BeagleBone 2021. BeagleBoard - community supported open hardware computers for making. https://beagleboard.org/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Bitalino 2021. BITalino - Biomedical Equipment | Low-Cost Toolkit. https://bitalino.com/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Paulo Blikstein. 2013. Digital fabrication and 'making' in education: The democratization of invention. FabLabs: Of machines, makers and inventors 4, 1 (2013), 1--21.Google Scholar
- Paulo Blikstein. 2013. Gears of our childhood: constructionist toolkits, robotics, and physical computing, past and future. In Proceedings of the 12th international conference on interaction design and children. 173--182.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Paulo Blikstein et al. 2015. Computationally Enhanced Toolkits for Children: Historical Review and a Framework for Future Design. Found. Trends Hum. Comput. Interact. 9, 1 (2015), 1--68.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Leah Buechley. 2006. A Construction Kit for Electronic Textiles. In 2006 10th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (2006-10). IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, NY, USA, 83--90. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWC.2006.286348 ISSN: 2376--8541.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Leah Buechley, Mike Eisenberg, Jaime Catchen, and Ali Crockett. 2008. The LilyPad Arduino: using computational textiles to investigate engagement, aesthetics, and diversity in computer science education. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Florence, Italy, 2008-04-06) (CHI '08). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 423--432. https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357123Google ScholarDigital Library
- L. Buechley, N. Elumeze, C. Dodson, and M. Eisenberg. 2005. Quilt Snaps: A fabric based computational construction kit. In IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education (WMTE'05) (2005-12-28). IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, NY, USA, 3 pp. https://doi.org/10.1109/WMTE.2005.55Google ScholarDigital Library
- Filipe Calegario, Marcelo Wanderley, Stéphane Huot, Giordano Cabral, and Geber Ramalho. 2017. A Method and Toolkit for Digital Musical Instruments: Generating Ideas and Prototypes. IEEE MultiMedia 24 (2017), 63--71. https://doi.org/10.1109/MMUL.2017.18Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alvaro Cassinelli and Daniel Saakes. 2017. Data Flow, Spatial Physical Computing. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (Yokohama, Japan) (TEI '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 253--259. https://doi.org/10.1145/3024969.3024978Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kathy Charmaz. 2014. Constructing grounded theory. sage.Google Scholar
- Circuit Playground 2021. Introducing Circuit Playground - Adafruit Learning. https://learn.adafruit.com/introducing-circuit-playground/overview Accessed: 2020-09-17.Google Scholar
- Click 2021. Mikroelektronika Click Boards. http://www.mikroe.com/click Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Beginner's Mind Collective and David Shaw. 2012. Makey Makey: improvising tangible and nature-based user interfaces. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction - TEI '12 (Kingston, Ontario, Canada). ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 367. https://doi.org/10.1145/2148131.2148219Google ScholarDigital Library
- Coral 2021. Coral homepage. https://coral.ai/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Angelo Corsaro, Douglas C Schmidt, Raymond Klefstad, and Carlos O'Ryan. 2002. Virtual component: a design pattern for memory-constrained embedded applications. In Proceedings of the 9th Annual Conference on the Pattern Languages of Programs. Citeseer, 1--13.Google Scholar
- Cubelets 2021. Modular Robotics Cubelets robot blocks. https://www.modrobotics.com/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Cubetto 2021. Meet Cubetto - Primo Toys Cubetto: A toy robot teaching kids code & computer programming. https://www.primotoys.com/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Cubit 2021. Cubit Steam Education 2020 homepage. https://cubit.cc/Accessed:2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Hugo Placido da Silva, Ana Fred, and Raul Martins. 2014. Biosignals for Everyone. IEEE Pervasive Computing 13, 4 (2014), 64--71. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2014.61Google ScholarCross Ref
- DeltaMaker 2021. DeltaMaker: An Elegant 3D Printer. https://www.deltamaker.com/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- James Devine, Joe Finney, Peli de Halleux, Michał Moskal, Thomas Ball, and Steve Hodges. 2018. MakeCode and CODAL: intuitive and efficient embedded systems programming for education. ACM SIGPLAN Notices 53, 6 (2018), 19--30.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Daniel Drew, Julie L. Newcomb, William McGrath, Filip Maksimovic, David Mellis, and Björn Hartmann. 2016. The Toastboard: Ubiquitous Instrumentation and Automated Checking of Breadboarded Circuits. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Tokyo Japan, 2016-10-16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 677--686. https://doi.org/10.1145/2984511.2984566Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eagle Autodesk 2021. https://www.autodesk.com/products/eagle Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Michael Eisenberg, Ann Eisenberg, Mark Gross, Khomkrit Kaowthumrong, Nathaniel Lee, and Will Lovett. 2002. Computationally-enhanced construction kits for children: Prototype and principles. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference of the Learning Sciences. 23--26.Google Scholar
- ESLOV 2021. ESLOV IoT Invention Kit (Canceled). https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/iot-invention-kit/eslov-iot-invention-kit Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- ESP32 2021. A feature-rich MCU with integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity for a wide-range of applications. https://www.espressif.com/en/products/socs/esp32 Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- ESP8266 2021. A cost-effective and highly integrated Wi-Fi MCU for IoT applications. https://www.espressif.com/en/products/socs/esp8266 Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Espressif Modules 2021. Espressif offers a wide range of fully-certified Wi-Fi & Bluetooth modules powered by our own advanced SoCs. https://www.espressif.com/en/products/modules Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Natalie Freed, Jie Qi, Adam Setapen, Cynthia Breazeal, Leah Buechley, and Hayes Raffle. 2011. Sticking together: handcrafting personalized communication interfaces. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (Ann Arbor, Michigan, 2011-06-20) (IDC '11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 238--241. https://doi.org/10.1145/1999030.1999071Google ScholarDigital Library
- Fritzing 2021. Fritzing. http://fritzing.org/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Geppetto Gumstix 2021. Welcome to Geppetto. https://geppetto.gumstix.com/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Saul Greenberg and Chester Fitchett. 2001. Phidgets: easy development of physical interfaces through physical widgets. In Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology (Orlando, Florida, 2001-11-11) (UIST '01). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 209--218. https://doi.org/10.1145/502348.502388Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tobias Grosse-Puppendahl, Christian Holz, Gabe Cohn, Raphael Wimmer, Oskar Bechtold, Steve Hodges, Matthew S Reynolds, and Joshua R Smith. 2017. Finding common ground: A survey of capacitive sensing in human-computer interaction. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 3293--3315.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Grove 2021. Grove Beginner Kit for Arduino(EOL) - Seeed Wiki. https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/Grove_Beginner_Kit_for_Arduino/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Nur Al-huda Hamdan, Simon Voelker, and Jan Borchers. 2018. Sketch&Stitch: Interactive Embroidery for E-textiles. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal QC, Canada, 2018-04-19) (CHI '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173656Google ScholarDigital Library
- Björn Hartmann, Scott R. Klemmer, Michael Bernstein, Leith Abdulla, Brandon Burr, Avi Robinson-Mosher, and Jennifer Gee. 2006. Reflective physical prototyping through integrated design, test, and analysis. In Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology - UIST '06 (Montreux, Switzerland). ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 299. https://doi.org/10.1145/1166253.1166300Google ScholarDigital Library
- Steve Hodges. 2020. Democratizing the Production of Interactive Hardware. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 5--6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3422877Google ScholarDigital Library
- Steve Hodges and Nicholas Chen. 2020. Long Tail Hardware: Turning Device Concepts Into Viable Low Volume Products. IEEE Pervasive Computing 18 (2020), 51--59. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2019.2947966Google ScholarDigital Library
- Steve Hodges, James Scott, Sue Sentance, Colin Miller, Nicolas Villar, Scarlet Schwiderski-Grosche, Kerry Hammil, and Steven Johnston. 2013. .NET Gadgeteer: a new platform for K-12 computer science education. In Proceeding of the 44th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education - SIGCSE '13 (Denver, Colorado, USA). ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 391. https://doi.org/10.1145/2445196.2445315Google ScholarDigital Library
- Steve Hodges, Sue Sentance, Joe Finney, and Thomas Ball. 2020. Physical computing: A key element of modern computer science education. Computer 53, 4 (2020), 20--30.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Steve Hodges, Nicolas Villar, Nicholas Chen, Tushar Chugh, Jie Qi, Diana Nowacka, and Yoshihiro Kawahara. 2014. Circuit stickers: peel-and-stick construction of interactive electronic prototypes. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2014-04-26) (CHI '14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1743--1746. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557150Google ScholarDigital Library
- H. J. Kamps. 2021. Hardware is Hard: Getting a Kickstarter project out the door. https://medium.com/triggertrap-playbook/hardware-is-hard-getting-a-kickstarter-project-shipped-59c9596bdd7f Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Mitchell Karchemsky, J.D. Zamfirescu-Pereira, Kuan-Ju Wu, François Guimbretière, and Bjoern Hartmann. 2019. Heimdall: A Remotely Controlled Inspection Workbench For Debugging Microcontroller Projects. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '19 (Glasgow, Scotland Uk). ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 1--12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300728Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yoshihiro Kawahara, Steve Hodges, Benjamin S. Cook, Cheng Zhang, and Gregory D. Abowd. 2013. Instant inkjet circuits: lab-based inkjet printing to support rapid prototyping of UbiComp devices. In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international joint conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing (Zurich, Switzerland, 2013-09-08) (UbiComp '13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 363--372. https://doi.org/10.1145/2493432.2493486Google ScholarDigital Library
- Majeed Kazemitabaar, Liang He, Katie Wang, Chloe Aloimonos, Tony Cheng, and Jon E. Froehlich. 2016. ReWear: Early Explorations of a Modular Wearable Construction Kit for Young Children. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA, 2016-05-07) (CHI EA '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2072--2080. https://doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2892525Google ScholarDigital Library
- Majeed Kazemitabaar, Jason McPeak, Alexander Jiao, Liang He, Thomas Outing, and Jon E. Froehlich. 2017. MakerWear: A Tangible Approach to Interactive Wearable Creation for Children. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA, 2017-05-02) (CHI '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 133--145. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025887Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rushil Khurana and Steve Hodges. 2020. Beyond the Prototype: Understanding the Challenge of Scaling Hardware Device Production. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA, 2020-04-21) (CHI '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376761Google ScholarDigital Library
- André Knörig, Reto Wettach, and Jonathan Cohen. 2009. Fritzing: a tool for advancing electronic prototyping for designers. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction - TEI '09 (Cambridge, United Kingdom). ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 351. https://doi.org/10.1145/1517664.1517735Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kristof Van Laerhoven, Albrecht Schmidt, and Hans-Werner Gellersen. 2002. Pin&Play: Networking Objects through Pins. In Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Ubiquitous Computing (Göteborg, Sweden, 2002-09-29) (UbiComp '02). Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA, 219--228.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Mannu Lambrichts, Jose Maria Tijerina, and Raf Ramakers. 2020. SoftMod: A Soft Modular Plug-and-Play Kit for Prototyping Electronic Systems. In Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (Sydney NSW, Australia, 2020-02-09) (TEI '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 287--298. https://doi.org/10.1145/3374920.3374950Google ScholarDigital Library
- David Ledo, Steven Houben, Jo Vermeulen, Nicolai Marquardt, Lora Oehlberg, and Saul Greenberg. 2018. Evaluation strategies for HCI toolkit research. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--17.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Johnny C. Lee, Daniel Avrahami, Scott E. Hudson, Jodi Forlizzi, Paul H. Dietz, and Darren Leigh. 2004. The calder toolkit: wired and wireless components for rapidly prototyping interactive devices. In Proceedings of the 5th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques (Cambridge, MA, USA, 2004-08-01) (DIS '04). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 167--175. https://doi.org/10.1145/1013115.1013139Google ScholarDigital Library
- Danny Leen, Raf Ramakers, and Kris Luyten. 2017. StrutModeling: A Low-Fidelity Construction Kit to Iteratively Model, Test, and Adapt 3D Objects. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Québec City, QC, Canada, 2017-10-20) (UIST '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 471--479. https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126643Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lego Mindstorms 2021. Lego Mindstoms EV3. https://www.lego.com/en-us/product/lego-mindstorms-ev3-31313 Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- David I. Lehn, Craig W. Neely, Kevin Schoonover, Thomas L. Martin, and Mark T. Jones. 2004. e-TAGs: e-Textile Attached Gadgets. (2004), 12. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/80538Google Scholar
- Joshua Lifton, Deva Seetharam, Michael Broxton, and Joseph Paradiso. 2002. Pushpin Computing System Overview: A Platform for Distributed, Embedded, Ubiquitous Sensor Networks. In Pervasive Comp Lect Notes Comput Sci (LNCS) (2002-08-21), Vol. 2414. 605--614. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45866-2_12Google Scholar
- Loxone Smart Home 2021. Loxone Smart Home & Commercial Projects Create Automation. https://www.loxone.com/enus/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- m5stack 2021. M5STACK - Modular Rapid ESP32 IoT Development Board. https://m5stack.com/ Accessed: 2020-09-17.Google Scholar
- Make Magazine 2021. Make: celebrates your right to tweak, hack, and bend any technology to your will. https://makezine.com Accessed: 2020-09-17.Google Scholar
- Make Magazine 2021. Makers' Guide to Boards. https://makezine.com/comparison/boards/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Mbed 2021. Free open source IoT OS and development tools from Arm Mbed. https://os.mbed.com/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- mBot 2021. Makeblock mBot Entry-level Educational Robot Kit. https://www.makeblock.com/mbot Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Will McGrath, Daniel Drew, Jeremy Warner, Majeed Kazemitabaar, Mitchell Karchemsky, David Mellis, and Björn Hartmann. 2017. Bifröst: Visualizing and Checking Behavior of Embedded Systems across Hardware and Software. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Québec City QC Canada, 2017-10-20). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 299--310. https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126658Google ScholarDigital Library
- William McGrath, Jeremy Warner, Mitchell Karchemsky, Andrew Head, Daniel Drew, and Bjoern Hartmann. 2018. WiFröst: Bridging the Information Gap for Debugging of Networked Embedded Systems. In The 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology - UIST '18 (Berlin, Germany). ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 447--455. https://doi.org/10.1145/3242587.3242668Google ScholarDigital Library
- David A Mellis, Sam Jacoby, Leah Buechley, Hannah Perner-Wilson, and Jie Qi. 2013. Microcontrollers as material: crafting circuits with paper, conductive ink, electronic components, and an" untoolkit". In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction. 83--90.Google ScholarDigital Library
- David Merrill, Emily Sun, and Jeevan Kalanithi. 2012. Sifteo cubes. In CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Austin, Texas, USA, 2012-05-05) (CHI EA '12). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1015--1018. https://doi.org/10.1145/2212776.2212374Google ScholarDigital Library
- Xianghang Mi, Feng Qian, Ying Zhang, and XiaoFeng Wang. 2017. An empirical characterization of IFTTT: ecosystem, usage, and performance. In Proceedings of the 2017 Internet Measurement Conference (London United Kingdom, 2017-11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 398--404. https://doi.org/10.1145/3131365.3131369Google ScholarDigital Library
- micro:bit 2021. Micro:bit Educational Foundation. https://microbit.org/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Brad Myers, Scott E Hudson, and Randy Pausch. 2000. Past, present, and future of user interface software tools. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) 7, 1 (2000), 3--28.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Steven Nagels, Raf Ramakers, Kris Luyten, and Wim Deferme. 2018. Silicone Devices: A Scalable DIY Approach for Fabricating Self-Contained Multi-Layered Soft Circuits using Microfluidics. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal QC, Canada, 2018-04-19) (CHI '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173762Google ScholarDigital Library
- Koya Narumi, Steve Hodges, and Yoshihiro Kawahara. 2015. ConductAR: an augmented reality based tool for iterative design of conductive ink circuits. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (Osaka, Japan, 2015-09-07) (UbiComp '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 791--800. https://doi.org/10.1145/2750858.2804267Google ScholarDigital Library
- Netduino 2021. So long, Netduino; may you long live in our hearts. https://www.wildernesslabs.co/netduino Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Neuron 2021. Makeblock Neuron Makeblock - Global STEAM Education Solution Provider. https://www.makeblock.com/steam-kits/neuron Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Grace Ngai, Stephen C.F. Chan, Hong Va Leong, and Vincent T.Y. Ng. 2013. Designing iCATch: A multipurpose, education-friendly construction kit for physical and wearable computing. ACM Transactions on Computing Education 13, 2 (2013), 7:1-7:30. https://doi.org/10.1145/2483710.2483712Google ScholarDigital Library
- Niko Home Control 2021. Niko Home Control. https://www.niko.eu/en/products/niko-home-control Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- NRF52840DK 2021. Bluetooth Low Energy, Bluetooth mesh, NFC, Thread and Zigbee development kit for the nRF52840 SoC. https://www.nordicsemi.com/Software-and-Tools/Development-Kits/nRF52840-DK Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Particle 2021. Particle Company News and Updates. https://www.particle.io/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Florian Perteneder, Kathrin Probst, Joanne Leong, Sebastian Gassler, Christian Rendl, Patrick Parzer, Katharina Fluch, Sophie Gahleitner, Sean Follmer, Hideki Koike, and Michael Haller. 2020. Foxels: Build Your Own Smart Furniture. In Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (Sydney NSW, Australia, 2020-02-09) (TEI'20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 111--122. https://doi.org/10.1145/3374920.3374935Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pine 2021. A Small Form-Factor Single Board Computer Capable of 4K Playback. https://www.pine64.org/devices/single-board-computers/rock64/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Piper 2021. Piper Computer Kit. https://www.playpiper.com/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Pmod 2021. Digilent Pmod Modules and Connectors - Interface with Development Boards. https://store.digilentinc.com/pmod-modules-connectors/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Printoo 2021. Printoo: Paper-Thin, Flexible Arduino-Compatible modules! https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1030661323/printoo-paper-thin-flexible-arduinotm-compatible-m Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Project Bloks 2021 Project Bloks - Project Bloks research into tangible programming is complete https://projectbloks.withgoogle.com/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Propeller 2021. Propeller Parallax Inc. https://www.parallax.com/catalog/microcontrollers/propeller Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Raf Ramakers, Kashyap Todi, and Kris Luyten. 2015. PaperPulse: An Integrated Approach for Embedding Electronics in Paper Designs. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2015-04-18) (CHI '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2457--2466. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702487Google ScholarDigital Library
- Raspberry Pi 2021. Compute Module 3+. https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/compute-module-3-plus/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Raspberry Pi 2021. Teach, Learn, and Make with Raspberry Pi - Raspberry Pi. https://www.raspberrypi.org/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Raspberry Pi Pico 2021. The new flexible $4 microcontroller board from Raspberry Pi. https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-pico/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Mitchel Resnick and Brian Silverman. 2005. Some reflections on designing construction kits for kids. In Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Interaction design and children. 117--122.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Joel Sadler, Kevin Durfee, Lauren Shluzas, and Paulo Blikstein. 2015. Bloctopus: A Novice Modular Sensor System for Playful Prototyping. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (Stanford, California, USA, 2015-01-15) (TEI '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 347--354. https://doi.org/10.1145/2677199.2680581Google ScholarDigital Library
- SAM Labs modules 2021. SAM Labs homepage. https://samlabs.com/us/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Munehiko Sato, Ivan Poupyrev, and Chris Harrison. 2012. Touché: enhancing touch interaction on humans, screens, liquids, and everyday objects. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM annual conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '12 (Austin, Texas, USA). ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 483. https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2207743Google ScholarDigital Library
- Valkyrie Savage, Sean Follmer, Jingyi Li, and Björn Hartmann. 2015. Makers' Marks: Physical Markup for Designing and Fabricating Functional Objects. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology (Charlotte, NC, USA, 2015-11-05) (UIST '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 103--108. https://doi.org/10.1145/2807442.2807508Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eric Schweikardt and Mark D. Gross. 2006. roBlocks: a robotic construction kit for mathematics and science education. In Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces (Banff, Alberta, Canada, 2006-11-02) (ICMI '06). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 72--75. https://doi.org/10.1145/1180995.1181010Google ScholarDigital Library
- James Scott, A.J. Bernheim Brush, John Krumm, Brian Meyers, Michael Hazas, Stephen Hodges, and Nicolas Villar. 2011. PreHeat: controlling home heating using occupancy prediction. In Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Ubiquitous computing (Beijing, China, 2011-09-17) (UbiComp '11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 281--290. https://doi.org/10.1145/2030112.2030151Google ScholarDigital Library
- Seeed Studio 2021. Seeed Studio Bazaar, The IoT Hardware enabler. https://www.seeedstudio.com/ Accessed: 2020-09-17.Google Scholar
- Snap Circuits 2021. Educational STEM Toys: Snap Circuits. https://www.elenco.com/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- SparkFun 2021. SparkFun Electronics homepage. https://www.sparkfun.com/ Accessed: 2020-09-17.Google Scholar
- SparkFun Qwiic 2021. Prototyping with I2C has never been easier. https://www.sparkfun.com/qwiic Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Sphero 2021. STEM Kits & Robotics for Kids Inspire STEM Education with Sphero. https://sphero.com/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- STM32 Discovery Kits 2021. STMicroelectronics STM32 Discovery Kits. https://www.st.com/en/evaluation-tools/stm32-discovery-kits.html Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Evan Strasnick, Maneesh Agrawala, and Sean Follmer. 2017. Scanalog: Interactive Design and Debugging of Analog Circuits with Programmable Hardware. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Québec City, QC, Canada, 2017-10-20) (UIST '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 321--330. https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126618Google ScholarDigital Library
- Teensy 2021. Teensy USB Development Board. https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- TI Launchpad 2021. Hardware Kits & Boards Design Resources. http://www.ti.com/design-resources/embedded-development/hardware-kits-boards.html Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- TinkerForge 2021. Tinkerforge homepage. https://www.tinkerforge.com/en/ Accessed: 2021-04-30.Google Scholar
- Nicolas Villar and Hans Gellersen. 2007. A malleable control structure for softwired user interfaces. In Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction - TEI '07 (Baton Rouge, Louisiana). ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 49. https://doi.org/10.1145/1226969.1226980Google ScholarDigital Library
- Martin Weigel, Tong Lu, Gilles Bailly, Antti Oulasvirta, Carmel Majidi, and Jürgen Steimle. 2015. iSkin: Flexible, Stretchable and Visually Customizable On-Body Touch Sensors for Mobile Computing. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2015-04-18) (CHI '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2991--3000. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702391Google ScholarDigital Library
- Peta Wyeth and Gordon Wyeth. 2001. Electronic Blocks: Tangible Programming Elements for Preschoolers. Proceedings of the Eighth IFIP TC13 Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (2001), 8.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- A Survey and Taxonomy of Electronics Toolkits for Interactive and Ubiquitous Device Prototyping
Recommendations
Beyond prototyping boards: future paradigms for electronics toolkits
CHI EA '23: Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsElectronics prototyping platforms such as Arduino enable a wide variety of creators with and without an engineering background to rapidly and inexpensively create interactive prototypes. By opening up the process of prototyping to more creators, and by ...
Rapid Prototyping and User-Centered Design of Interactive Display-Based Systems
Rapid prototyping is a broad field encompassing many domains and varied approaches. This article presents the authors' experiences using user-centered rapid prototyping approaches for developing display-based ubiquitous systems for deployment in real-...
fabryq: using phones as gateways to prototype internet of things applications using web scripting
EICS '15: Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing SystemsUbiquitous computing devices are often size- and power-constrained, which prevents them from directly connecting to the Internet. An increasingly common pattern is therefore to interpose a smart phone as a network gateway, and to deliver GUIs for such ...
Comments