Jakob Axelsson
ABSTRACT
Cyber-physical systems is an extension of traditional embedded systems, where communication to the outside world is given more emphasis. This leads to a new design space also for software development, allowing new allocation strategies for functionality. In traditional embedded systems, all functionality was inside the product, but now it becomes possible to partition the software between the embedded systems and IT systems outside the product. This paper investigates, through a case study from the automotive domain, possible new allocation alternatives where computation is offloaded from the embedded system to a server, and what additional architectural concerns this leads to, including performance, resource utilization, robustness, and lifecycle aspects. In addition, the paper addresses new opportunities created by allocating functionality outside the embedded systems, and thus making data available for extended services, as well as the larger concerns that result on the organizational level, including new competency in architecture and DevOps.
- Broy, M. and Schmidt, A. (2014). Challenges in Engineering Cyber-Physical Systems. Computer. 47(2):70--72. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Maier, M.W. (1998). Architecting principles for systems-of-systems. Systems Engineering. 1(4):267--284.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Axelsson, J., and Kobetski, A. (2014). Architectural Concepts for Federated Embedded Systems. In Proc. 2nd Intl. Workshop on Software Engineering for Systems-of-Systems.Google Scholar
- ISO/IEC/IEEE Std. 42010 (2011). Systems and software engineering --- Architecture description.Google Scholar
- Hevner, A.R. et al. (2004). Design Science in Information Systems Research. MIS Quarterly. 28, 1 (2004), 75--105. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Axelsson, J. et al. (2014). MOPED : A Mobile Open Platform for Experimental Design of Cyber-Physical Systems. Euromicro SEAA. Google ScholarDigital Library
- AUTOSAR consortium. www.autosar.org.Google Scholar
- Banks, A. and Gupta, R. (Eds.) MQTT Version 3.1.1. OASIS Standard, 2014.Google Scholar
- Pugh, S. (1991). Total Design: Integrated Methods for Successful Product Engineering. Addison-Wesley, New York.Google Scholar
- Faragher, R. (2012). Understanding the Basis of the Kalman Filter Via a Simple and Intuitive Derivation. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, pp. 128--132.Google Scholar
- Abid, H., et al. (2011). V-Cloud: vehicular cyber-physical systems and cloud computing. In Proc.4th Intl. Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wan, J. et al. (2014). VCMIA: A novel architecture for integrating vehicular cyber-physical systems and mobile cloud computing. Mobile Networks and Applications 19(2): 153--160.Google ScholarDigital Library
- He, W., Yan, G., and Da Xu, L. (2014). Developing vehicular data cloud services in the IoT environment. IEEE Trans.on Industrial Informatics, 10(2), 1587--1595.Google ScholarCross Ref
- La, H. J., and Kim, S. D. (2010). A service-based approach to designing cyber physical systems. In Proc. IEEE/ACIS 9th International Conference on Computer and Information Science, pp. 895--900. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Karnouskos, S. et al. (2012). A SOA-based architecture for empowering future collaborative cloud-based industrial automation. In 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 5766--5772.Google Scholar
- Chen, M., Wan, J., and Li, F. (2012). Machine-to-Machine Communications. KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems, 6(2), 480--497.Google Scholar
- Rabaey, J. M. (2011). The swarm at the edge of the cloud-a new perspective on wireless. In Proc. IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits, pp. 6--8.Google Scholar
- Olson, M., and Chandy, K. M. (2011). Performance issues in cloud computing for cyber-physical applications. In IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing, pp. 742--743. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Architectural Allocation Alternatives and Associated Concerns in Cyber-Physical Systems: A Case Study
Recommendations
Towards Independent In-Cloud Evolution of Cyber-Physical Systems
CPSNA '14: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, Networks, and ApplicationsThe capabilities of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are increasingly being extended towards new composite services deployed across a range of smart sensing and controlling devices. These services enable the emergence of multiple end-to-end cyber-physical ...
Resource-efficient cyber-physical systems design: A survey
AbstractMany Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) in industrial applications are embedded control systems. With the increasing scale and complexity of such system, the resource efficiency in the system design has become an important issue. The ...
Architectural Support for Cyber-Physical Systems
ASPLOS'15Cyber-physical systems are integrations of computation, communication networks, and physical dynamics. Although time plays a central role in the physical world, all widely used software abstractions lack temporal semantics. The notion of correct ...
Comments