Michel Beaudouin-Lafon
William W. Gaver
ABSTRACT
ENO is an audio server designed to make it easy for applications in the Unix environment to incorporate non-speech audio cues. At the physical level, ENO manages a shared resource, namely the audio hardware. At the logical level, it manages a sound space that is shared by various client applications. Instead of dealing with sound in terms of its physical description (i.e., sampled sounds), ENO allows sounds to be presented and controlled in terms of higher-level descriptions of sources, interactions, attributes, and sound space. Using this structure, ENO can facilitate the creation of consistent, rich systems of audio cues. In this paper, we discuss the justification, design, and implementation of ENO.
- 1.Beaudouin-Lafon, M. and Karsenty, A., Transparency and awareness in a real-time groupware system. Proc. ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST'92, Monterey, CA, November 1992), pp 171-180. ACM Press, New York, 1992.]] Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 2.Blattner, M., Sumikawa, D., and Greenberg, R., Earcons and icons: Their structure and common design principles. Human-Computer interaction, 4 (1), pp 11-44, 1989.]]Google Scholar
- 3.Brewster, S. A., Wright, P. C., and Edwards, A. D. N., An evaluation of earcons for use in auditory human-computer interfaces. Proc. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (INTERCHr93, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, April 24 - 29, 1993), pp 222-227. ACM, New York, 1993.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 4.Burgess, D., Techniques for low cost spatial audio. Proc. ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST'92, Monterey, CA, November 1992), pp 53-59. ACM Press, New York, 1992.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 5.Buxton, W., Gaver, W. and Bly, S., The use of nonspeech audio at the interface. Tutorial Notes, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'91, New Orleans, LA, April 28 - May 2, 1991).]]Google Scholar
- 6.Cohen, J., "Kirk here:" Using genre sounds to monitor background activity. Adjunct Proceedings, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (INTERCHI'93, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, April 24 - 29, 1993), pp 63 - 64, 1993.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 7.Cohen, M., and Ludwig, L., Multi-dimensional audio window management. International Journal of Man- Machine Studies, 34, pp 319 - 336, 1991.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 8.Gaver, W. W., Auditory icons: Using sound in computer interfaces. Human~Computer Interaction, 2 (2), pp 167- 177, 1986.]]Google ScholarDigital Library
- 9.Gaver, W. W., The Sonic Finder: An interface that uses auditory icons. Human-Computer Interaction, 4 (1), pp 67 - 94, 1989.]]Google ScholarDigital Library
- 10.Gaver, W. W., Sound support for collaboration. Proc. Second European Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Work (E-CSCW'91, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 24- 27, 1991), pp 293-308. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1991.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 11.Gaver, W. W., Synthesizing auditory icons. Proc. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (INTERCHI'93, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, April 24-29,' 1993), pp 228-235. ACM, New York, 1993.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 12.Gaver, W. W., Smith, R. B., and O'Shea, T., Effective sound in complex systems: The ARKola simulation. Proc. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHP91, New Orleans, LA, April 28 - May 2, 1991), pp 85-90. ACM Press, New York, 1991.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 13.Hindus, D. and Schmandt, C., Ubiquitous audio: Capturing spontaneous collaboration. Proc. ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'92, Toronto, Canada, October 31 - November 4, 1992), pp 210-217. ACM Press, New York, 1992.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 14.Levergood, T., Payne, A., Gettys, J., Treese, W., and Stewart, L., AudioFile: A network, transparent audio server for distributed audio applications. Proc. Summer Usenix Conference, Usenix Association, 1993.]]Google Scholar
- 15.Lfvstrand, L., Being selectively aware with the Khronika system. Proc. Second European Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Work (E- CSCW'91, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 24- 27, 1991), pp 265-277. Kluwer, Dordreeht, 1991.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 16.Moore, F.R., Elements of computer music. Prentice Hall, New York, 1990.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 17.Neville-Neil, G., Current efforts in client/server audio. The X Resource, Issue 8, pp 69-86, 1993.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 18.Ousterhout, J.K., Tcl and the Tk toolkit. Addison- Wesley, New York, 1994.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 19.Roads, C., and Strawn, J. (eds.), Foundations of computer music. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1985.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 20.Scheifler, R.W. and Gettys, J., The X Window System. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 5(1), pp 79- 109, 1986.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- 21.Wenzel, E., Wightman, F., and Kistler, D., Localization with non-individualized virtual acoustic display cues. Proc. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'91, New Orleans, LA, April 28 - May 2, 1991), pp 351-359. ACM, New York, 1991.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- ENO: synthesizing structured sound spaces
Recommendations
Synthesizing auditory icons
CHI '93: Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsAuditory icons add valuable functionality to computer interfaces, particularly when they are parameterized to convey dimensional information. They are difficult to create and manipulate, however, because they usually rely on digital sampling techniques. ...
Being and mixing: designing interactive soundscapes
NordiCHI '06: Proceedings of the 4th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: changing rolesThis paper describes a study of the auditory environment in a chemical factory, and how a group of process operators ascribe meaning to a selection of sound clips from their daily work environment. We argue for a design-oriented phenomenological ...
Utilizing sound effects in mobile user interface design
INTERACT'07: Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interactionThe current generation of mobile devices is capable of producing polyphonic sounds, has enough processing power for real-time signal processing, and much better sound quality than their predecessors. The importance of audio is increasing as we are ...
Comments