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Plasma mirrors as a path to the Schwinger limit: theoretical and numerical developments

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Abstract

Following the advent of petawatt (PW)-class lasers already capable of achieving light intensities of \(10^{23}\) W/cm\(^2\), high-field science now aims at solving a major challenge of modern physics: can we produce extreme light intensities above \(10^{25}\) W/cm\(^2\) beyond which yet unexplored strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SF-QED) regimes would dominate light–matter or even light–quantum vacuum interactions? As the required intensities are orders of magnitude higher than the present record held by a 4 PW laser, solving this major question with the current generation of lasers requires conceptual breakthroughs that we strived to address at CEA-LIDYL over the last 5 years. To break this barrier, we proposed to revive an old concept called the ‘Curved Relativistic Mirror’ (CRM). Assuming a perfectly reflective and aberration-free CRM, reflecting a high-power laser on such a moving mirror could in principle boost its intensities by several orders of magnitude through Doppler effect. The major obstacle with this simple concept is its actual implementation: how to produce a curved and highly reflective relativistic mirror of excellent optical quality in experiments? This has remained an open question so far, which has resisted all experimental attempts. In this article, we present the theoretical and numerical efforts that we have carried out to answer this question, starting from the development of the 3D kinetic code WarpX-PICSAR in strong collaboration with the team of Dr. Jean-Luc Vay at Berkeley Lab, up to the very first numerical experiments of CRM designs performed with the code at very large scale. Leveraging on these first results, we show that high-power PW lasers, boosted by a relativistic plasma mirror, can increase SF-QED signatures by orders of magnitude, potentially giving access to new physics at existing laser facilities.

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Notes

  1. Ion–ion collisions occur on a much larger time scale and can be neglected as well.

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Funding

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 871072. This research was supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR) T-ERC program (Grant No. ANR-18-ERC2-0002) and PRC program (Grant No. ANR-22-CE30-0002). This research used the open-source particle-in-cell code WarpX https://github.com/ECP-WarpX/WarpX. Primary WarpX contributors are with LBNL, LLNL, CEA-LIDYL, SLAC, DESY, CERN, and TAE. We acknowledge all WarpX contributors.

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  1. Lasers Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory, Organization, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France

    Henri Vincenti, Thomas Clark, Luca Fedeli, Philippe Martin, Antonin Sainte-Marie & Neil Zaim

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  1. Henri Vincenti
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Correspondence to Henri Vincenti.

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Vincenti, H., Clark, T., Fedeli, L. et al. Plasma mirrors as a path to the Schwinger limit: theoretical and numerical developments. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 232, 2303–2346 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00909-2

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